Department of Agriculture, Agribusiness, and Environment Collections

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Analysis Of The Effects Of The Forms And Drivers Of Urban Agriculture On The Socio-Economic Status Of Farmers In Kampala And Mbarara Cities, Uganda
(Bishop Stuart University, 2024-07) NINSHEKA LEONARD
The study analyzed the effects of the forms and drivers of urban agriculture on the socio economic status of farmers in Kampala and Mbarara Cities, Uganda. The objectives were to; examine the influence of forms of urban agriculture on the socio-economic status of farmers, examine the influence drivers of urban agriculture on the socio-economic status of farmers, establish the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on the socio-economic status of urban farmers and establish the impact ofpolicy directives in urban agriculture on the socio economic status of urban farmers in Kampala and Mbarara Cities. The study adopted a cross sectional design combined with qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection and analysis. A multistage cluster sampling technique involving both simple random and purposive approaches was employed to get the required number of respondents. Using questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews and observations, data was gathered from a sample of 384 respondents. Microsoft EXCEL and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 21.0 were used to analyze the data and produce both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found a strong association between forms of urban agriculture and socio economic status of the urban farmers in Kampala and Mbarara Cities. Household socio economic status was substantially correlated with subsistence farms (x2 = 15.615, p< 0.001), commercial farms (x2 = 18.907, p< 0.001), and tourist farms (x2 = 7.784, p< 0.005). Subsistence farms (backyard, roadside and rooftop gardens), commercial farms (zero, poultry, fish farms and crop farms), and tourist farms (demonstration sites) had a significant influence on household food and income security of Urban farmers. The study also discovered a positive significant relationship between drivers of urban agriculture and socio-economic status of the urban farmers with access to market(P<0.002), Access to financial grants (p<0.012), Access to capital (P<0.029) and value addition (P<0.021). Further, the study discovered a significant relationship between farmers’ socio demographic characteristics and their socio economic status where by Age (P<0.002), Gender (p<0.038), Religion (P<0.001), source of livelihood (p<0.005) and lastly group membership (0.002).The study further established appropriate policy directions for urban agriculture in Kampala and Mbarara Cities. The study confirmed a significant influence of the forms and drivers of urban agriculture on socio economic status of urban farmers. Also the study concluded that there a significant influence socio demographic characteristics on social economic status of urban farmers. The further confirms the need for harmonized and xv appropriate policy framework for urban agriculture development. The study recommended promotion of cost effective technologies to solve the problem of land shortage in urban areas. Also government must invest in urban farming demonstration sites and education centres to improve knowledge on urban farming. Also city authorities also should encourage urban farmers to form groups for marketing, value addition, and organic recycling of wastes. Government should also invest in urban agriculture forms that are not widely practiced such as agritourism, fish farming, piggery, rabbits farming and also formulate urban agriculture policy that is applicable to all urban centers.
Adoption of Chemical Fertilizers in Coffee Production in Kikyenkye Sub-County, Ibanda District
(International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, 2024) David Natukunda; David Osiru; Doreen Atwongyeire; Ferdinand Aine
The study focused on assessing the adoption of chemical fertilizers in coffee productionin Kikyenkye Sub-County, Ibanda District. It was limited to; investigating the perceptions and attitudes of farmers on application of chemical fertilizers in coffee, determining the level of awareness of chemical fertilizers use in coffee production, investigating farm-based factors that determine farmers’ choice to use chemical fertilizers in coffee production and establishing possible strategies of promoting adoption of chemical fertilizers in coffee production. The study employed a cross-sectional, descriptive research design and primary data was collected from 124 respondents.The study concluded that there is positive perception and attitude of farmers on application of chemical fertilizers where chemical fertilizers use ensure high productivity and yields of coffee, Chemical fertilizers are basically used in high value commercial crops like tea and coffee and that the decisions on chemical fertilizers use is based on access to information and market prices were considered significant at P<0.05 (P=.019, P=.003 and P=.009) and others like chemical fertilizers applied to in coffee do not provide optimal economic returns to farmers, fertilizers use is influenced by agro-climatic and farm characteristics, chemical fertilizers are not suitable for use in coffee and that chemical fertilizers use that alter the soil properties were non-significant at P-value>0.05(P=.867, P=.706, P=.263 and P=.637).The study further concluded that farmers who had access to training services on the methods of application and easy access to the source of chemical fertilizers had high level of awareness on the use of chemical fertilizers in coffee production. The study also concluded that some farm based factors were significant for example, small size of land and land fragmentation at p-value < 0.05 (P=0.006 and P=0.008 where as other factors were non-significant like land ownership, coffee-banana intercropping, farm location and long distance in relation to chemical fertilizer distribution channels were non-significant at P value >0.05(P=0.146, P=0.622, P=0.913, = 0.351). The study finally concluded that possible strategies of promoting adoption of chemical fertilizers in coffee production such as; providing constant training on the value of chemical fertilizers by extension workers was significant at (P=0.000), stabilizing prices for both agricultural inputs and crop outputs without direct government intervention in the market was significant at (P=0.002) while non-significant strategies included; conducting a chemical fertilizer yield response and profitability studies for a range of crops (P=0.938), establishing a fertilizer subsidies program (P=0.766), designing a fertilizer promotion strategy (P=0.273) and considering the potential for public-private partnerships to deliver fertilizer to farmers (P=0.144).The study recommends that there is a need for more education and awareness-raising activities to help farmers make informed decisions about the use of chemical fertilizers, policymakers and agricultural stakeholders to consider the social, economic, and environmental implications of the widespread use of chemical fertilizers in coffee production, governments undertaking awareness raising campaigns and the need to reduce the cost of chemical fertilizers through subsidies
Rural Electrification and Maize Value Addition in Mpumudde Sub-County, Lyantonde District
(Bishop Stuart University, 2024) Ssegilinya Sulaiman
The study was about rural electrification on maize value addition in Mpumudde Sub-County, Lyantonde District. The study specific objectives were to;(i) characterize maize value addition actors benefiting from rural electrification,(ii) identify factors limiting farmers from participating in maize value addition other than rural electrification, and (iii) assess the contribution of rural electrification towards adding value to maize. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design and primary data was collected from 200 respondents. The data was analysed using SPSS version 22.0. The study concluded that maize value addition actors who benefited from rural electrification were characterized by low level of education within average number of years in school being six; limited land with average of 4 acres, and with an average age of 38 years. The study indicated that training, skills and experience, credit availability, market accessibility, and accessibility to materials and equipment had significant influence on farmer’s ability to add value to maize. The study also indicated that rural electrification connection to maize milling centers led to higher efficiency in operations compared to non-connected milling centers. They improved quality of the value added products, efficiency in processing activities, and operated for long hours. The study recommends that, there is a need for the government to link with the donors like World Bank who have already acknowledged through their own studies that there should be a need for massive injection of funds to support the rural electrification programme. Maize value adders should be subsidized with value addition equipments at a fair price to help them sustain production of better quality value added products.Encourage the acquisition of electric maize shellers, grinders, and dryers to improve processing efficiency and reduce post- harvest losses. Establish cooperative-owned processing units powered by electricity. This collective approach can reduce costs and improve the bargaining power of smallholder farmers.
Factors Influencing Access of Government Agricultural Extension Services Among Banana Farmers in Lyantonde District, Uganda
(East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2024) Mary Kyarisiima; Rebecca Mutebi Kalibwani; Benard Tumusiime
In Uganda, the agriculture extension program has been the main conduit for disseminating information on farm technologies, support rural adult learning, and assist farmers in developing their farm technical and managerial skills. It is expected that extension programs will help increase farm productivity, farm revenue, reduce poverty and minimize food insecurity. In this study, we estimate the effects of extension services on farm income with reference to Government Agricultural Extension Services (GAES) delivered by Ministry of Agriculture, animal husbandry and fisheries (MAAIF). The study used cross-section research design to randomly select and collect data from 165 banana farmers from Lyantonde subcounty. The collected data was entered and later analyzed using R software version 4.4.0. The results reveal that more than half of the banana farmers (58.2%) were accessing government agricultural extension services (GAESs), significantly higher than those not having access. Using binary logistic regression model, only two factors; - access to agricultural credit (p = 0.006) and membership to a farmer association (p<0.001) were found to significantly affect farmers’ access to GAES. The study findings point the critical role of farmer associations as well as access to agricultural credit to banana farmers in agricultural extension. It is, therefore, recommended that formation of farmer association be given a top priority as it helps in reducing the extension-to-farmer ratio for efficient and effective agricultural extension service delivery.
Analysis of the Influence of Forms of Urban Agriculture on the Socio- Economic Status of the Farmers in Kampala and Mbarara Cities, Uganda
(East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2024) NINSHEKA LEONARD; Edward Ssemakula; Christopher Tiyo; Rebecca Kalibwani; Wilson Mugizi2
The study analysed the influence of the forms and drivers of urban agriculture on the socio-economic status of farmers in Kampala and Mbarara cities in Uganda. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design using multiple methods of data collection. A multistage cluster sampling technique involving simple random sampling to get both primary and secondary sampling units, snowball to get target respondents and purposive sampling for key informants and focus group members was used. Data were collected using social survey questionnaires for households, focus group discussions checklist (FGDs), key informant interview guides and observations, from a sample of 384 respondents. The study found a strong association between forms of urban agriculture and the socioeconomic status of the urban farmers in Kampala and Mbarara Cities. Subsistence forms (backyard, roadside and rooftop gardens), commercial forms (zero grazing, poultry, fish farms and crop farms), and tourist forms (demonstration sites) had a significant influence on household food and income security of urban farmers. The study established the lack of land, improved technologies and training as major obstacles and recommended the establishment of community networks, availing subsidies and credit and recruitment of extension personnel as interventions to help urban farmers.
Drivers of Urban Agriculture and their Influence on the Socio-Economic Status of the Urban Farmers in Uganda, A Case Study of Kampala and Mbarara Cities
(International Journal of Life Science and Agriculture Research, 2024) Ninsheka Leonard; Ssemakula Edward; Tiyo Christopher; Kalibwani Rebecca; Mulongo Marius
The study analyzed the influence of forms and drivers of urban Agriculture on the socio-economic status of the farmers in Kampala and Mbarara Cities. The specific objective of the study was to examine the influence drivers of urban agriculture on the socio-economic status of farmers. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design using multiple data collection methods. A multistage cluster sampling technique involving simple random sampling to get both primary and secondary sampling units, snowball to get target respondents and purposive sampling for key informants and focus group members was used. Data were collected using social survey questionnaires for households, focus group discussions checklist (FGDs), key informant interview guides and observations, from a sample of 384 respondents. The study found a strong association between drivers of UA and the socioeconomic status of the urban farmers in Kampala and Mbarara Cities. Household socio-economic status has substantially correlated with the drivers of the urban farmers and out of 9 items considered only 5 was significant which include access to capital (x 2 = 1.175, p< 0.047), access to agriculture extension services (x 2 = 3.634, p< 0.026), access to financial grants (x 2 = 5.190, p<0.001), access to markets (x 2 = 6.993, p< 0.001), value addition(x 2 = 3.718, p<0.014). The study confirmed a significant relationship between drivers of urban agriculture and the socio-economic status of urban farmers. Urban agriculture drivers like access to capital and financial grants, nature of market access and value addition had a significant influence on household socio-economic status.
Adoption of Sustainable Dairy Management Practices and its Effect on Farm Income:
(East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2024) Muhumuza Ronnie; Prof. Edward Ssemakula; Dr. Rebecca Kalibwani
Sustainable dairy management (SDM) practices aim to minimize environmental impact, promote animal welfare, ensure economic viability, and support social responsibility throughout the dairy production chain. The SDM practices that could improve sustainability of dairy farming systems in Uganda include milk management, animal health, feeding and breeding practices. Despite the numerous advantages that scientific literature reports for these dairy management practices, they are not always adopted by farmers because of various factors. The objectives of this study were to examine farmers’ adoption decisions towards Sustainable Diary Management (SDM) practices, as well as the economic impact of this adoption among dairy farmers in Rubaya Subcounty. The cross-sectional research design was applied to collect both quantitative and qualitative data using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were collected using a household survey of 160 randomly selected respondents, from different villages within the study area. R Software Version 4.4.0 was used for data analysis. The results reveal that most of the SDM practices were adopted by over 50% of the dairy farmers. Only Artificial insemination, drying off animals, conservation fodder and concentrate feeding practices were adopted by less than 50% of the dairy farmers. The Multivariate logistic regression model results show that the adoption of SDM practices is significantly associated with varied demographic (Gender, age, household size); socio-economic (land size and household income); and institutional factors (access to agricultural credit, access to extension services, and membership to a farmer association). The study found out that adoption of SDM practices increased their farm income by UGX. 2,930,429/=, highly significant at 5% (p=0.02). The study recognizes two main pathways to increase the adoption of SDM practices: i) utilizing farmers’ knowledge and information sharing platforms; and addressing broader market and institutional failures.
Analysis of the Influence of Forms of Urban Agriculture on the Socio- Economic Status of the Farmers in Kampala and Mbarara Cities, Uganda
(International License East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2024) Leonard Ninsheka; Edward Ssemakula; Christopher Tiyo; Rebecca Kalibwani; Wilson Mugizi
The study analysed the influence of the forms and drivers of urban agriculture on the socio-economic status of farmers in Kampala and Mbarara cities in Uganda. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design using multiple methods of data collection. A multistage cluster sampling technique involving simple random sampling to get both primary and secondary sampling units, snowball to get target respondents and purposive sampling for key informants and focus group members was used. Data were collected using social survey questionnaires for households, focus group discussions checklist (FGDs), key informant interview guides and observations, from a sample of 384 respondents. The study found a strong association between forms of urban agriculture and the socioeconomic status of the urban farmers in Kampala and Mbarara Cities. Subsistence forms (backyard, roadside and rooftop gardens), commercial forms (zero grazing, poultry, fish farms and crop farms), and tourist forms (demonstration sites) had a significant influence on household food and income security of urban farmers. The study established the lack of land, improved technologies and training as major obstacles and recommended the establishment of community networks, availing subsidies and credit and recruitment of extension personnel as interventions to help urban farmers.
Adoption of Chemical Fertilizers in Coffee Production in Kikyenkye Sub-County, Ibanda District
(nternational Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-, 2024) David Natukunda; Prof. David Osiru; Doreen Atwongyeire; Ferdinand Aine
The study focused on assessing the adoption of chemical fertilizers in coffee productionin Kikyenkye Sub-County, Ibanda District. It was limited to; investigating the perceptions and attitudes of farmers on application of chemical fertilizers in coffee, determining the level of awareness of chemical fertilizers use in coffee production, investigating farm-based factors that determine farmers’ choice to use chemical fertilizers in coffee production and establishing possible strategies of promoting adoption of chemical fertilizers in coffee production. The study employed a cross-sectional, descriptive research design and primary data was collected from 124 respondents.The study concluded that there is positive perception and attitude of farmers on application of chemical fertilizers where chemical fertilizers use ensure high productivity and yields of coffee, Chemical fertilizers are basically used in high value commercial crops like tea and coffee and that the decisions on chemical fertilizers use is based on access to information and market prices were considered significant at P<0.05 (P=.019, P=.003 and P=.009) and others like chemical fertilizers applied to in coffee do not provide optimal economic returns to farmers, fertilizers use is influenced by agro-climatic and farm characteristics, chemical fertilizers are not suitable for use in coffee and that chemical fertilizers use that alter the soil properties were non-significant at P-value>0.05(P=.867, P=.706, P=.263 and P=.637).The study further concluded that farmers who had access to training services on the methods of application and easy access to the source of chemical fertilizers had high level of awareness on the use of chemical fertilizers in coffee production. The study also concluded that some farm based factors were significant for example, small size of land and land fragmentation at p-value < 0.05 (P=0.006 and P=0.008 where as other factors were non-significant like land ownership, coffee-banana intercropping, farm location and long distance in relation to chemical fertilizer distribution channels were non-significant at P- value >0.05(P=0.146, P=0.622, P=0.913, = 0.351). The study finally concluded that possible strategies of promoting adoption of chemical fertilizers in coffee production such as; providing constant training on the value of chemical fertilizers by extension workers was significant at (P=0.000), stabilizing prices for both agricultural inputs and crop outputs without direct government intervention in the market was significant at (P=0.002) while non-significant strategies included; conducting a chemical fertilizer yield response and profitability studies for a range of crops (P=0.938), establishing a fertilizer subsidies program (P=0.766), designing a fertilizer promotion strategy (P=0.273) and considering the potential for public-private partnerships to deliver fertilizer to farmers (P=0.144).The study recommends that there is a need for more education and awareness-raising activities to help farmers make informed decisions about the use of chemical fertilizers, policymakers and agricultural stakeholders to consider the social, economic, and environmental implications of the widespread use of chemical fertilizers in coffee production, governments undertaking awareness- raising campaigns and the need to reduce the cost of chemical fertilizers through subsidies.
Adoption of Chemical Fertilizers in Coffee Production in Kikyenkye Sub-County, Ibanda District
(Bishop Stuart University, 2024) Natukunda David
This study focused on assessing the adoption of chemical fertilizers in coffee production in Kikyenkye Sub-County, Ibanda District. It was conducted from January to April, 2023 in Kikyenkye Sub-county, Ibanda district. It was limited to; (i) investigating the perceptions and attitudes of farmers on application of chemical fertilizers in coffee, (ii) determining the level of awareness of chemical fertilizer use in coffee production, (iii) investigating farm-based factors that determine farmers’ choice to use chemical fertilizers in coffee production and, (iv) establishing possible strategies of promoting adoption of chemical fertilizers in coffee production. Despite government’s efforts to increase coffee yield through advocacy to use chemical fertilizers, its adoption by coffee farmers remained very low causing declining coffee yields and subsequently reduced household income for small-holder rural farmers in the study area. The study employed a cross-sectional, descriptive research design and primary data was collected from 124 coffee farmers and 27 informants using questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. Data collected was subjected to SPSS software version26.0 for analysis. The study found out that there is positive and significant perception and attitude of farmers on application of chemical fertilizers (P<0.05). Chemical fertilizer use ensures high productivity and bean quality of coffee. Chemical fertilizers are basically used on commercial crops like tea and coffee. The decisions on chemical fertilizer use is significantly based on access to information and market prices (P<0.05). It was further found out that farmers who had access to training services on the methods of application and easy access to the source of chemical fertilizers had significantly high level of awareness on the use of chemical fertilizers in coffee production (P<0.05). The study also found out that small plots of land under coffee production and land fragmentation significantly influenced farmers’ decisions to use chemical fertilizers in coffee (P<0.05). It was established that providing constant training and stabilizing prices for both agricultural inputs and crop outputs could lead to enhanced use of chemical fertilizers in coffee significantly (P<0.05). These could be used as strategies to promote chemical fertilizer use in coffee production. The study finally concluded that farmers’ perceptions and attitudes, level of awareness and farm-based factors significantly affect farmers’ adoption of chemical fertilizers in coffee production. The study recommends that there is a need for regular, practical and demonstration-based farmers’ training, policymakers to consider development of policies that promote accessibility and sustainable use of chemical fertilizers, there is need to support farmers to increase the scale of coffee production to make it more profitable with use of chemical fertilizers and the need to reduce the cost of chemical fertilizers through subsidies.
Evaluating Farmers' Awareness and Adoption of Housefly Maggots as Alternative Protein for Broiler Chicken Production in Mbarara District, Western Uganda
(Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 2024) Nkuuhe Douglas; Christopher Gor; Kalibwani Rebecca
In Mbarara District, smallholder farmers face challenges in accessing affordable protein sources for broiler chicken production. Housefly maggots are a cheap sustainable source of protein in broiler chicken production that smallholder farmers can employ to improve food security. This study evaluated farmers' awareness, access, and adoption of maggots as a protein source. A mixed-methods approach surveyed 130 broiler producers. Results show 71.5% of farmers are aware of maggot- based feeds, but only 6.1% use them, indicating a knowledge-application gap. Wealthier farmers were more likely to adopt this approach. To address this gap, the study recommends targeted media campaigns, educational initiatives, and demonstration projects showcasing economic benefits. Establishing local maggot production facilities, farmer cooperatives, and knowledge-sharing platforms could further support adoption.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL HEALTH AT WILDLIFE-CATTLE INTERFACE IN SANGA SUB COUNTY, KIRUHURA DISTRICT
(BISHOP STUART UNIVERSITY, 2024) TUWANGYE INNOCENT
The coexistence of wildlife and domestic cattle in shared landscapes, known as the wildlife-cattle interface, presents a unique set of challenges for both conservation efforts and livestock management. The stduy assessed the factors associated with animal health at wildlife-cattle interface in Sanga Sub County, Kiruhura District. The objectives of this study were to: find out the community perceptions towards risks associated with wildlife-cattle interface; determine the prevalence and patterns of disease transmission between wild-life and cattle populations at the wildlife-cattle interface and develop evidence-based recommendations to mitigate identified risk factors associated with animal health at wildlife- cattle interface in Sanga Sub County, Kiruhura District. A quantitative approach was adopted employing a descriptive survey research design, Simple random sampling was adopted to select 148 respondents accompanied by purposive sampling used to select key informants for the study. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews and analysed using descriptive and thematic analysis. Findings revealed that wildlife cattle interface is associated with disease transmission risks, significant mortalities and production losses in cattle, competition between wild and domestic herbivores of similar dietary breadth, predation and injuries by wildlife on cattle. More so, pathogens and parasites and livestock starvation due to shortage of water contribute to diseases such as brucellosis. It was concluded that farmers and local authorities in Sanga Sub County, Kiruhura District, have taken steps to alleviate the issues related to the wildlife-cattle interface in order to promote a peaceful coexistence between domestic cattle and wildlife which include raising awareness among farmers, handling problematic animals, compensation, conservation activities, installation of live fencing system, resource and revenue sharing in terms of tangible economic benefits like fish, firewood & medicinal plants. The major recommendation in light of this research is to encourage projects for collaborative land and resource management in light of the competition for resources that exists between wild and domestic herbivores.
Rural Electrification and Maize Value Addition in Mpumudde Sub-County, Lyantonde District
(International Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 2024) Sulaiman Ssegilinya; Rebecca Kalibwani; Gershom Nuwemuhwezi
The study was about rural electrification on maize value addition in Mpumunde Sub-County, Lyantonde District. The study specific objectives were to; characterize maize value addition actors benefiting from rural electrification, identify factors limiting farmers from participating in maize value addition other than electrification, assess the contribution of rural electrification towards adding value to maize. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design and primary data was collected from 200 respondents. The data was analysed using SPSS version 22.0. The study concluded that maize value addition actors who benefited from rural electrification were characterized by low level of education that is average number of years in school being six; limited size of land with average of 4 acres and majority had productive age with an average of aged 38. The study also concluded that there were factors limiting farmers from participating in maize value addition other than electrification which were; limited training on value addition was significant at (p=.027). Skills and experience at (p=.021), Credit services/financing at (p=.003). Market availability at (p=.026). Materials and equipments to use at p= (.029). Level of education and storage facilities were seen non-significant at 5% level of significance with p-values (p=.312; p=.261). The final conclusion was that maize value adders agreed that the rural electrification connection to maize milling centers mostly were more efficient in their operations than the non-connected milling centers. They had improved quality value added products, efficiency in processing activities, operated for long hours and had faster processes. The study recommends that, there is a need for the government to link with the donors like World Bank who have already acknowledged through their own studies that there should be a need for massive injection of funds to support the rural electrification programme. There should be more grace period for the rural people in terms of repayment period since they are not used to the urban living style where deadlines on payment attract severe action like total disconnection. Maize value adders should be subsidized with value addition equipments at a fair price to help them sustain production of better quality value added products. The study recommends that village saving cooperative societies limited render soft and affordable loans at low interest rate to help farmers finance their value addition activities and ensure sustainability of quality value added products
Effects of Urban Agriculture on the Socio-Economic Status of Farmers in Cities of Sub-Sahara Africa. A case of Zambia, South Africa, and Nigeria: A Review
(East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2024-01) Ninsheka, Leonard; Ssemakula, Edward; Tiyo, Christopher; Kalibwani, Rebecca; Kityo, Ronald; Mugizi, Wilson; Byamukama, Willbroad
This paper reviews the current literature concerning the effect of urban agriculture on the socio-economic status of urban farmers in Sub-Sahara African Cities. The main objective of this review is to examine the impacts of urban agriculture on the socio-economic status of urban farmers in Sub-Sahara African Cities. Specifically, the paper reviews the impact of urban agriculture on income and food security as well as the benefits and challenges affecting urban Agriculture development in selected cities of sub-Saharan African countries. This paper reviews different articles and papers on urban farming in Sub-Sahara Africa and globally. The review posits that there is scanty information on how urban agriculture affects farmers' socio-economic status in sub-Saharan Africa. How farmers derive their social and economic status by engaging in urban agriculture, and the types and motivations of farmers are not clear. The review suggests that understanding the factors that are crucial for food security, income and related benefits in urban agriculture is essential to developing the right technologies and policies.
Effects of Rainwater Harvesting Technologies on Sustainable agricultural Production in Ntutsi and Mijwala Sub-counties, Sembabule District
(International Journal of Natural Sciences: Current and Future Research Trends (IJNSCFRT), 2023) G, Muhoozi; S, Edward; O, David
Despite the benefits of rainwater harvesting technologies on enhancing sustainable agricultural production, farmer still face the number of huddles in implementing such technologies like lack of knowledge, limited space, and limited capital and among others. Rain water harvesting technologies were thought of to sustain agricultural production but its relevance among farmers remains un-documented. The study was about the effects of rainwater harvesting technologies on sustainable agricultural production in Ntutsi and Mijwala Sub counties, Sembabule District. The specific objectives were to; ascertain the methods of rain water harvesting use for sustainable agricultural production, identify the benefits of rain water harvesting technologies on agricultural production, identify the factors influencing the adoption of rain water harvesting technologies and investigate the challenges faced in implementing water harvesting technologies. The study adopted a cross sectional survey design. Data was collected from 248 farmers. Data management and analysis was done using SPSS version 20 to generate both descriptive and regression statistics. The study identified different rain water harvesting methods use for sustainable agricultural production such as; ridges/tied ridges/furrows, water pans/ponds, sand dams and sub-surface dams as well as rooftop catchments. The study also discovered that technologies like ridges/tied ridges/furrows (x 2 = 8.305, p=0.005), road runoff water harvesting (x 2 = 6.048, p=0.001), and a combination of practices (x 2 = 4.120, p=0.042) had a significant influence on agricultural production. The study also confirmed that gender [AOR = 2.569; (95% CI: 1.239 - 5.327); p = 0.011], level of education [AOR = 1.441; (95% CI: 0.656 - 3.164); p = 0.003], and farm size [AOR = 2.060; (95% CI: 1.021 - 4.154, p = 0.044] were the significant factors influencing the adoption of rain water harvesting technology for sustainable agriculture production in the area.The study further confirmed that unavailability of labour [AOR = 0.978; (95% CI: 0.169 - 54.570, p = 0.001), lack of knowledge on water harvesting [AOR = 0.333; (95% CI: 0.104 - 34.088, p = 0.005], were some of the challenges faced in the implementation of rain water harvesting technologies. It therefore recommends that farmers be linked to financial institutions since they do not have the capital to invest in RWHTs. This will enable farmers to adopt not only one but many RWHTs.
Effectiveness of Chia Seed Plant Powder in Comparison with Malathion in the Control of Bean Weevils
(East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2023) Kamugisha, Francis; Opio, Fina; Osiru, David; Aharinta, Kenneth Faith
The primary objective of the research was to contribute to the control of storage pests in beans through the use of chia seed plant powder—an organic control method. The study adopted both descriptive and correlational research designs for data collection and analysis. It comprised: a survey of the chia seed farmers in Kyabugimbi sub-county, Uganda, for the purpose of assessing their perception concerning control of storage pests in beans through the use of chia seed plant powder; and an experiment for assessing the susceptibility of a variety of beans and pesticide application. The experiment had three bean varieties: NAROBEAN3, NABE16, and KAHURA. The type of pesticide had two treatments and control, that is, chia seed plant powder and malathion, and each had three levels. A control consisted of dishes with bean varieties infested with weevils without any pesticide added. Each set was comprised of control without any treatment. A total of 54 samples were used. These were laid out in a completely randomised Block design (CRBD) and replicated three times. Pesticides were applied at 0%, 50%, and 100% rates of application. Data were collected on the following measurements: Number of infested seeds, number of adult bruchids that emerged, and weight of seeds at the end of the experiment. The ANOVA test results found that the effect of pesticide application on the number of infested seeds, number of weevils that emerged, and weight of bean seeds was significant (P< 0.01), while the variety of beans was not significant. Although malathion had the lowest bean weevil figures and is therefore more effective in controlling bean weevils, it is a synthetic product, and chia seed would be promoted because it is an organic product because of being more friendly to the human body and the environment than malathion, a synthetic pesticide
Morphological Deviation in Africa’s New Brood by Timothy Wangusa
(East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023) Evaristo, Arineitwe
This article attempts to examine the use of morphological deviation as a style of foregrounding in Timothy Wangusa’s poetry. Besides, the researcher used the theory of defamiliarization proposed by Viktor Shyklovsky throughout the study. That the theory emphasizes the use of poetic devices makes it an apt one as this very study is on morphological deviation (which is used as a poetic device to achieve emphasis/foregrounding). The researcher used a qualitative approach in this study. The researcher also employed textual analysis method in the process of analysing data in form of poems from Africa’s New Brood. A description of the variable(s) was also given to explicate and make sense of the subject under study which is morphological deviation. The results of the findings from the data analysed prove that Wangusa uses morphological deviation to emphasize his message, shock, or surprise readers (estrangement) and create mood in his poetry. This study recommends that studies be carried out on Wangusa’s use of deviation of register.
Contribution of Dry Spell Adaptation Technologies to Crop Productivity in Isingiro Town Council, Isingiro District, Uganda
(African Journal of Climate Change and Resource Sustainability, 2023) Emmanuel, Bwengye; Tumwesigye, Wycliff; Gorett, Nagawa M.
Extended Dry Spell Adaptation Technologies (EDSATs) can improve crop resilience to Extended Dry Spells (EDS). This study was aimed at determining the contribution of EDSATs to crop productivity in the Isingiro Town Council. An exploratory survey was conducted to collect data from 125 farmers. The selection of respondents was made through purposive and referral sampling methods. Key informant interviews were conducted with 05 Production Department staff. Data was analysed using Stata 14 to generate summary tables. Results revealed that the farmers’ priority crops are Bananas, beans and maize grown by 98.4%, 69.6% and 43.2% of the farmers, respectively. 99.2% of the farmers are aware that their technologies contribute to Extended Dry Spells Adaptation (EDSA). Weeding is done by 68.8%, 68.4% and 43% of Bananas, Beans and Maize farmers, respectively. Inter-crops of beans bananas, maize-bananas and maize-beans are implemented by 16.8%, 5.6% and 3.2% of the farmers, respectively. Application of manure is implemented by 60%, 5.6% and 4.8% of the farmers for all crops. Mulching is done by 67.2% and 7.2% of the banana and beans farmers. Contributions of weeding bananas, beans and maize contribute 65.2%, 94% and 88.6%, respectively to productivity. Inter-crops of beans-bananas, maize-banana and maize-beans contribute 122%, 57.1% and 35% to improved beans, maize, and beans productivity, respectively. Factors challenging the implementation of the crop EDSATs include; farmers’ economic status, availability of extension services, farmer exposure and availability of inputs, among others. The sustainability of EDSATs is hindered by a lack of investment funds and lack of consistent technical support, among others. Therefore, there is a need for the formulation of policy provisions that favour the availability of credit facilities to all farmers to enable them to manage all the limiting factors to the implementation and sustainability of EDSATs.
Effect of Water Harvesting Practices on Sustainable Maize Production among Smallholder Farmers in Water Scarce Areas of Ibanda District
(Journal of Crop Technology and Agricultural Science, 2023) Muhumuza, Simon; Kazibwe, Francis; Karibwani, Rebbeca
This study was conducted to find out the effect of rainwater harvesting on sustainable maize production in Bisheshe and Nyamarebe Sub counties, Ibanda district. Specifically, the study was conducted to establish the water harvesting practices used by smallholder maize farmers, the relationship between water harvesting and maize yields, community perceptions on water harvesting and the challenges of the maize farmers in water harvesting. The study adopted a cross sectional survey design in which data was collected using questionnaires, interviews and observation; and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings show that harvesting improved maize production in Nyamarebe and Bisheshe Sub Counties. This implied that water harvesting can support sustainable maize production in water scarce areas. The study recommends that farmers should be supported to harvest water for sustainable maize production.
Effects of Post-Harvest Handling on Maize Farmers’ Income in Nkoma Sub County Kamwenge District
(Bishop Stuart University, 2023) Ayebazibwe, Ubard
This study was on the effect of post-harvest handling on maize farmers’ income in Nkoma Sub County, Kamwenge District. The study objectives were to: identify post-harvest handling technologies and practices on maize farmers’ income; establish the role of training in post-harvest handling technologies on maize farmers’ income; assess the effects of the post-harvest technologies and practices on the incomes of maize farmers. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design applying quantitative and qualitative approaches for data collection. Data was captured from a sample of 150 respondents using both questionnaire and interviews. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study identified different post harvest handling technologies and practices used by maize farmers in Nkoma sub-county, Kamwenge District such as; threshing, drying, storage, winnowing, shelling, grading and packing. The study identified that there were factors affecting the use of maize post-harvest handling technologies on Smallholder maize farmer’s income. These were; price fluctuation of maize grains, human and financial capital, excessive field heats and lack of on-farm storage facilities and knowledge on post-harvest handling practices. The study further concluded that specific post harvest technologies/practices had an effect on household income generated. Technologies/practices such as; drying (p< 0.002), storage (p<0.00), winnowing (p<0.01), grading and packaging (p<0.001) presented a significant association with household income. The study concluded that different post-harvest handling technologies/practices such as; drying, storage, winnowing, grading and packaging have a significant contribution on household income however the rate of use of these practices is still low due to different socio-economic and institutional factors. The study therefore recommended more education for farmers on the technologies since this influences farmers’ decision to adopt technologies. Farmers should be assisted in acquiring value addition facilities such as threshing and grinding machines to improve packaging. Farmers must be supported through credit services so to acquire advanced postharvest handling technologies and equipment.

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