Directorate of Graduate Studies, Research and Innovations (DGSRI)

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BISHOP STUART UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION & TECHNOLOGY
(Bishop Stuart University, 203) Bishop Stuart University
The Corona Virus Pandemic sparked a crisis across many sectors of the economy. The virus led to the closure of many sectors including education. In Uganda, the education sector was closed for 22 months leaving many children and schools stranded on how to learn and deliver education services. The higher education sector reacted by introducing online learning. Since to many online learning was a crisis response, the transition was abrupt, thus calling for an investigation into the quality of education offered by universities during COVID-19. We interrogate the learners’ experience with online learning with a view to understanding the extent to which quality standards were maintained. Understanding how the learning experience can lead to improved design of future online programs and avoid the crisis in the education program delivery system. We collected both qualitative and quantitative data using questionnaires sent to students online. A sample was conveniently drawn from students who studied online during COVID-19. The sample consisted of both students undertaking undergraduate and post-graduate training at various levels. Our findings indicated that the majority of students were not well trained to undertake the online program, institutional support was also limited during online training and students indicated that online training can be better delivered if universities provide adequate training to students and invest in infrastructure development.
Religious Pluralism and Conflict as Issues in Religious Education in Uganda
(University of Leeds, 2005-05) Mwesigwa, Fred Sheldon
This study investigates the complications raised in teaching a confessional Religious Education in a multi-religious context pertaining in Ugandan religiously founded public schools, government and private founded schools. The thesis contends that the introduction of Islam, Anglican and Roman Catholic Christian religious traditions in Uganda not only presented alternative religious systems to the existing African traditional religion but ushered in an era of competition for converts that subsequently led to religious conflict.The thesis also submits the view that the missionary aim of formal education in Uganda led to the creation, not only of a denominational, but a divisive educational system. While the study commends the colonial government and the first independent government's efforts towards establishing a nondenominational educational system, it suggests that their failure to address the controversial questions raised by the nature of RE at the time was a missed opportunity.The study probes the current syllabuses, aims and content of CRE and IRE for secondary and primary schools and suggests that their main intention of promoting spiritual growth of students is inappropriate for implementation in the multi-religious schools.The thesis questions the government's proposed exclusion of RE from the education curriculum and its replacement with Moral Education. It suggests that while Moral Education could be a subject on its own, Religious Education needs to be maintained but re-designed to address the multi-religious context. It presents a multi-faith RE as the ideal format of teaching about religion
Increased Women Trafficking in Uganda; Analyzing the Domestic and International Legal Framework
(2010-10) Muganga, George; Natuhwera, Alex.; Tukwasiibwe, Moses
This paper explores the various legal frameworks that deal with issues of women trafficking in Uganda. In recent years, there has been much media attention and increased law reform efforts to address the phenomenon of trafficking of women for mainly purposes of sexual exploitation. The arguments of this paper explore the nexus between lack of a strong legal regime and the increased women trafficking in Uganda. This has culminated into vulnerable young women from developing regions of the world, Uganda inclusive, being traded in open market as if there are no sanctions in the law against this outrageous practice. We also try to navigate through the international Conventions, ratified by Uganda, to ascertain whether or not Uganda has domesticated them into her national laws or ensured their execution as a way of combating the problem of trafficking.
Malaria control for rural areas in Uganda: localizing the interventions
(Department of Development Studies, Bishop Stuart University, Mbarara, Uganda, 2011) Muganga, George
Background. Malaria is a public health and socio-economic threat to development in most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa,and particularly in rural areas. In Uganda, a number of malaria control interventions have been adopted, most of which are part of the international Roll Back Malaria (RBM) campaign. The spread of malaria is reducing but the prevalence is still high, especially in rural areas where mostly pregnant women and children bear the blunt of the negative effects of ineffective control. It is suggested that strengthening efforts towards localizing existing and new malaria control initiatives is one of the best available options to accelerating malaria control. Methods. Literature from within and outside Uganda is reviewed. Opinions of the author are used to reinforce the reviewed literature. In addition, existing literature is also substantiated using the author‘s experience and knowledge about malaria control. The article focuses on rural Uganda although the literature reviewed and subsequent conclusions and recommendationsare also applicable to other countries. Main discussions. Malaria is still the major cause of illness in the country. Available information shows that most of the regions in the country that are predominantly rural have a high prevalence rate. Malaria is, however, reducing due to a number of factors including the adoption of the global malaria control initiatives and use of community-based approaches. The approaches,however, have been limited and faced with constraints, which could be improved through reinforcing them with localizedinitiatives. Conclusions. There are a number of reasons why malaria prevalence in Uganda is still high including limited socio-economic infrastructure, long distances to health units, and huge costs of treatment, among others. However, strengthening efforts towards localization offers one of the most convenient solutions.
Effect of land use change and slope position on soil organic carbon in Kitabi Watershed ,Rwanda
(Enschede, The Netherlands, 2011-02) TUMWESIGYE, WYCLIFFE
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is widely used as a proxy for soil health and soil fertility. Land use change (LUC) has been implicated as one of the factors leading to the loss of SOC and increased release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere hence contributing to global climate change (GCC). Rwanda is a mountainous country and has faced a challenge of land use inter-conversions between forests, perennial crops and annual crops over the years. The impact of LUC on SOC stocks is poorly documented. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of LUC and slope positions on SOC stocks in Kitabi watershed. Landsat TM-5 images of 2008 and 1986 were used to make a land use change map using Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) algorithm in Erdas. Slope positions were derived from the DEM using Topographic Position Index (TPI) tool and the output raster was overlaid with the LUC map to identify sample strata. Soil samples were obtained using stratified topo-sequential random sampling from annual crops, community tea and factory tea. A total of 134 soil samples were taken from the three LU categories along each of the three slope positions: upslope, middle slope and down slope. Soil samples were taken from 10 m x 10 m plots in each of the three land use categories at two depths 0- 20 cm and 20-50 cm using a soil auger. A total of 62 farmers from the three LU types were interviewed about the farm management practices in the study area. SOC laboratory analysis was done using Loss on ignition (LOI). One-Way ANOVA and Games Howell tests were used to analyse the data. Results indicate that 17.1% of land was converted from annual crops to tea plantations. Significant differences in SOC stocks exist across the three LU types (p <.001). Converting land from annual crops to factory tea significantly affects SOC stocks (<.001) while LU conversion from annual crops to community tea has no significant effect on SOC stocks (p >.05). Slope position has a significant effect on SOC stocks in annual (p <.05) but it has no significant effect on SOC stocks in tea plantations (p >.05). The interaction of LU and slope positions has no significant effect on SOC stocks across the three land use types (p = .061). Soil erosion control measures in annual crops to reduce loss of SOC and soil nutrients are recommended.
Social-economic setting and potential use of cissus adenocaulis in treatment of gastrointestinal worms in cattle,Ntungamo District South Western Uganda.
(Mbarara University Of Science and Technology, 2011-10) Tumwesigye, Wycliffe
Despite the government‟s efforts to fight poverty, many cattle keepers in Ntugamo District have largely remained poor. They cannot afford to purchase veterinary drugs for de-worming their cows at a frequency recommended by veterinary doctors. Both the cattle and their products are of poor quality hence cannot fetch sufficient income for the farmers. This research aimed at establishing the socio-economic setting of Ngoma Sub County residents and to determine how Cissus adenocaulis, a traditional herbal medicine, can be utilized to de-worm cattle, which is a cheaper and affordable means of treatment that would improve the livestock production of the peasant farmers and reduce poverty in Ngoma Sub County. A total of 105 households were randomly selected from seven parishes and interviewed using both open and closed ended questionnaires. The body weights of ten selected animals were measured and rectal samples collected from each cow and preserved in 10% formal saline. The cows were subjected to different treatments with fresh and dry extracts from the herb Cissus adenocaulis, Albendazole 10% and water based on their body weight. Cissus extracts were obtained by collecting roots and leaves of the plant, some of which were pounded and dried to make powder while others were used fresh. These were dissolved in water in different dosages and at different temperatures before they were administered to the cows. Egg count per gram (EPG) of cow dung was carried out in the laboratory using ether concentration technique and a light microscope to determine the numbers and types of gastrointestinal worms present before and after administering the drugs. Treatment was done for 8 weeks and 14 days on the first set and second set of cows respectively. Results show that 80.9% of the population lives under low income (> $ 1 per month), 8.2% live under medium income level ($ 1- $ 50) while 10.9% live under high income level (> 50 per month). Cissus fresh leaves had almost the same effectiveness as Cissus fresh root (unpaired t test ixwith equal variance at α =1%; t =-0.3721; associated p value =0.6327). Both Cissus fresh leaves and Cissus fresh roots extracts had almost the same effectiveness as Albendazole 10% (unpaired t test with equal variance at α =1%; t =-0.3721; associated p value =0.6327). Both Cissus dry leaves and Cissus dry roots extracts were found to be more effective than Albendazole 10% (unpaired t test with equal variance at α =1%; t =1.7889; associated p value =0.0741). It was recommended that Ngoma Sub County cattle keepers should domesticate Cissus adenocaulis and use its herbal extracts to supplement veterinary drugs to de-wormers their cattle. Further studies to determine the bioactive ingredients present in Cissus extracts and to standardize their dosages need to be carried out. Cattle keepers in Ngoma Sub County should embrace poverty eradication programs to fight poverty in this area.
Determinants Of Substance Use Among Adolescents Attending The Hiv Clinic At Mbarara Municipal Council Hc Iv
(Bishop Stuart University, 2017-02-15) ALLEN, KEKIBIINA
Although there has been several programmes geared towards alleviating challenges such as stigma and opportunistic infections among adolescents living with HIV/AIDS, substance use is a public health concern. This study therefore sought to document the challenges, their association with substance use, as well as documenting the most commonly used substances among adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Mbarara municipality. A cross sectional study design with quantitative methods using a pretested semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect information from adolescents living with HIV/AIDS attending Mbarara Municipal Council HC IV. Simple random sampling was used to select 187 study participants during the months of June to July 2017. A semi structured questionnaire was used to assess the determinants of substance use and associated challenges. The substance use questionnaire from The European School survey questionnaire on Alcohol and other drugs was adopted, adjusted and used. Results of this study indicate that adolescents with stigma had higher odds of substance use (AOR=0.2, 95%CI: 0.03-0.85, p<.01). Findings also indicate that there was an association between stigma and alcohol use (AOR=0.4, 95%CI: 0.12-0.53,p<.05). In addition, results revealed that adolescents who were experiencing stigma had higher odds of alcohol use and adolescents with opportunistic infections had higher risk of using Marijuana. (AOR=0.4, 95%CI: 0.09-1.98, p<0.05).In general adolescents living with HIV/AIDS experience challenges that are related to substance use especially alcohol and marijuana. Therefore this study’s results call for interventions to motivate/support HIV positive adolescents in resource limited settings focusing on substance use.
Assessing The Knowledge, Practices And Barriers To Implementation Of Hand Hygiene Among Health Care Workers In Bushenyi District Uganda.
(Bishop Stuart University, 2017-10) Jennifer, Ebosie ,Chibuogwu
The purpose of the study was to to determine the knowledge, level of adherence to hand hygiene practice and barriers to implementation of hand hygiene practices among health care workers in Bushenyi District. The objectives included to; assess the level of knowledge on hand hygiene practices among health care workers, assess the level of adherence to hand hygiene practices, identify the challenges and factors limiting adherence to hand hygiene practices and ascertain the possible strategies for addressing the factors limiting adherence to hand hygiene practices. The study applied a Cross-sectional study design, using a structured questionnaire to collect data on 201 participants. The study revealed that there is a disparity between the opinion and the practices of hand hygiene among health care workers. Hand washing adherence rate was 86%, with highest compliance among doctors (43%). Compliance was (94%) after patient contact and 47.3% before contact. More than 84.1% staff was aware about facts viz: diseases prevented by hand washing, ideal duration of hand washing, and reduction of Health Care Associated Infections (HCAIs) with hand washing. Reasons for non-adherence emerged as lack of time (p= 0.032), forgetfulness (p=0.049)], use gloves instead (p= 0.003), and lack of disposable towels (p=0.000).The study concluded that hand hygiene compliance was inadequate, doctor compliance rate was 43%, nurses 31% and others 26%, despite having good hand hygiene knowledge. Adequate training of healthcare workers regarding hand hygiene guidelines may be a factor to be considered for improvement of hand hygiene compliance
Factors Influencing The Place Of Delivery Among Pregnant Mothers In Ishaka Municipality Bushenyi District
(Bishop Stuart University, 2017-10) Muhongya, Kakule
Since 2000 to-date, there have been several health sector reforms in Uganda. These include abolition of user fees in Public Health facilities and increasing subsidies from Government to Private not for Profit health facilities. These reforms have led to increased utilization of health services as evidenced by numerous studies and reports. However, utilization of maternity services has remained low. Bushenyi is one of the districts that have achieved the national target of 40% deliveries conducted by skilled health workers. Despite being known by pregnant women that visiting a trained health personnel with midwifery skills during childbirth significantly decreases both maternal morbidity and mortality, there is still low utilization of skilled attendance for childbirth in Ishaka municipality. The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe the factors that influence the place of delivery among pregnant women in Ishaka municipality. A sample of 358 women was interviewed using structured questionnaires. These women had either delivered at; home, TBA, private or public clinic and 83% had been delivered by skilled attendants. Choice of delivery site was influenced by factors including the attitudes of health workers, proximity of site (p =0.028), attendance of antenatal clinic at a site, availability of supplies and drugs (p=0.000), plus level of care including emergency obstetric care (p=0.038), affordability of services (p=0.014). The study concluded that skilled attendance at birth is under reported. Choice of delivery site depended on personal, community, health worker attitude, health facility and health system design. Due to low literacy rates prevailing in the district, there is need to develop reproductive health programs that lead to closer and more community engagements with the health workers in order to sensitize the community and give correct information and messages to guide women in decision making processes.
Assessing The Knowledge, Practices And Barriers To Implementation Of Hand Hygiene Among Health Care Workers In Bushenyi District Uganda.
(Bishop Stuart University, 2017-10) Jennifer; Ebosie; Chibuogwu
The purpose of the study was to to determine the knowledge, level of adherence to hand hygiene practice and barriers to implementation of hand hygiene practices among health care workers in Bushenyi District. The objectives included to; assess the level of knowledge on hand hygiene practices among health care workers, assess the level of adherence to hand hygiene practices, identify the challenges and factors limiting adherence to hand hygiene practices and ascertain the possible strategies for addressing the factors limiting adherence to hand hygiene practices. The study applied a Cross-sectional study design, using a structured questionnaire to collect data on 201 participants. The study revealed that there is a disparity between the opinion and the practices of hand hygiene among health care workers. Hand washing adherence rate was 86%, with highest compliance among doctors (43%). Compliance was (94%) after patient contact and 47.3% before contact. More than 84.1% staff was aware about facts viz: diseases prevented by hand washing, ideal duration of hand washing, and reduction of Health Care Associated Infections (HCAIs) with hand washing. Reasons for non-adherence emerged as lack of time (p= 0.032), forgetfulness (p=0.049)], use gloves instead (p= 0.003), and lack of disposable towels (p=0.000).The study concluded that hand hygiene compliance was inadequate, doctor compliance rate was 43%, nurses 31% and others 26%, despite having good hand hygiene knowledge. Adequate training of healthcare workers regarding hand hygiene guidelines may be a factor to be considered for improvement of hand hygiene compliance
Comparative Analysis of Farmer Organisation for Value Chain Development in Israel’s Agriculture and the Maize Value Chain in Kamwenge District
(Arinaitwe Mark, 2017-10) Mark, Arinaitwe
This study a comparative study between farmer organization for value chain development in Israel’s agriculture sector and the maize value chain in Kamwenge District, Western Uganda. It was guided by three objectives; to examine farmer organisation in Israel’s agricultural sector, identify the stages and challenges of the maize value chain in Kamwenge, and then draw lessons from farmer organisation for value chain development in Israel agriculture sector that can enhance the maize value chain in Kamwenge district. The study was designed in two parts; first, a review of documents to discuss farmer organisation in Israel is supplemented by observations on four Israeli farms that were made in 2014-2015 during Agro-studies Internship in Israel. Secondly acrossectional study of 190 respondents in Kamwenge district. The respondents included 160 maize farmers, 20 traders and 10 millers. Data was collected using questionnaires and analysed qualitatively when comparing farmer organisation for value chain development in Israel and Kamwenge and descriptively using SPSS. The study found out that in Israel farmers were organised using cooperative principles, right from production at community level (kibbutz) through regional level to final consumption and export at national level. Farmers in Israel receive government social support; free child education, medical care and accommodation. Child education is tailored to imparting skills for agricultural production and development. Government provides organised input supply for each enterprise of kibbutz choice, with advanced technologies and services along the value chain.
Utilization Of Household Solid Waste For Sustainable Agricultural Production Among Farmers In Shuuku And Kitagata Sub-Counties, Sheema District
(Bishop Stuart University, 2017-10-03) MALLIOUS, AMANYA
The study was about utilization of household solid waste for sustainable agricultural production among farmers in Shuuku and Kitagata sub-counties, Sheema district. Sheema district is one of the districts with high population estimated to be 220,200 people with limited information and technology to transform the increasing generated wastes into an agricultural resource for sustainable production which has resulted into an accumulation of domestic wastes generation at house hold level. The objectives of the study were to (i) identify the types of solid waste generated at household level in the area, (ii) examine the solid waste management and disposal practices at household level, (iii) assess the level of knowledge by households regarding the various methods for converting solid wastes into productive resources and (iv) establish the challenges facing households in solid waste management. It was a randomly-sampling based survey of 190 respondents living in the two sub-counties of Shuuku and Kitagata. Questionnaires and interviews were used to capture the required data. The results indicated that six (6) different types of solid wastes including food waste, plastic, wood/organic matter, metal, glass, textiles and leather were generated by householders with food and plastic wastes being the dominant ones. The most popular methods of disposal of solid wastes were dumping, burning, composting, recycle/reuse, burying and giving it to livestock as feeds; these methods were specifically favoring people living in the low-income households. Respondents generally had a low level of knowledge concerning the methods available for converting solid wastes into resources. A good percent of respondents had knowledge on sustainable agricultural practices. However, given the right information and conditions, more than 90% of the respondents were willing to accept the alternative methods of converting waste into a resource such as reduction, reuse, recycling and composting. The study further established the challenges faced by households in the management of solid waste such as; inadequate capital to turn waste into a resource (p=0.010), lack of dumping sites (p=0.004), and bad outdoors coming out from decomposing waste (p=0.002). In conclusion therefore all the study objectives were achieved and the study concluded that there was solid waste management and disposal practices in the area, the population is knowledgeable about the various methods for converting solid wastes into productive resources and had knowledge about sustainable agriculture. The study recommended more efforts to be directed towards educating and sensitizing community members about the appropriate methods of turning household kitchen residues into an agricultural resource for sustainable agriculture production.
Forest Management and Sustainability of Forests
(Bishop Stuart University, 2017-10-03) Pierre Celestin, Niyongere
The study was about Forest Management and Sustainability of Forests: A Case of Kyahi and Rwoho Forest Reserves in Isingiro District South Western Uganda”. The study was aimed at documenting the stakeholders involved in promoting forest management in Isingiro district, examining people’s knowledge and perceptions about sustainability of forests, establishing the effect of forest management initiatives on sustainability of forests, identifying the major challenges encountered in promoting forest management for sustainability of forests and assessing the current measures of addressing the challenges to forest management in a bid to promote sustainability of forests. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design and targeted district forestry and environment officials, local residents, local leaders (LC II-III) and environment committee representatives at local councils II & III in Isingiro district. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select respondents. Questionnaire and interviews were used as a data collection method. Data analysis used descriptive statistics in form of frequency and percentages while data from primary source particularly interview guide was compared, validated and confirmed with data from secondary sources. The key stakeholders involved in promoting forest management were mainly community members, environment committee members and local leaders. Majority respondents perceived forest management as increasing use of alternative energy sources to free the existing forests from being exploited. Most of the respondents established that majority had positive attitude towards forest management and perceive forests as helping in rainfall formation. It was further established that forest management has promoted sustainability of forests in the district through gazetting forest premises, existing forests being carefully monitored and proper land management being maintained. Sustainability of forests was being hindered by Limited resources for implementing forest management policies and negative perceptions towards forest management. Promoting sustainability of forests in Isingiro district is an enormous work that requires concerted efforts from all the different stakeholders. There is need to increase funding in the forestry department to enable the planners make plans and enforce them at up to the community level.
Operation Wealth Creation and Livelihoods of people with physical Disabilities
(Bishop Saturday University, 2017-10-03) JUSTINE, KOBUHWEZI
The study was about Operation Wealth Creation and Livelihoods of PWDs in Kamukuzi Mbarara Municipality. The study aimed at; establishing the extent of involvement and participation of PWDs in operation wealth creation, documenting the nature of services and products provided to PWDs by operation wealth creation, establishing the benefits of operation wealth creation towards PWDs’ livelihoods and finding out the challenges faced by people with physical disabilities in promoting their livelihoods through operation wealth creation. The study adopted a cross-sectional and descriptive study design and targeted PWDs that were 18 years and above, OWC officials and local leaders. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select respondents. Questionnaire and interviews were used as data collection methods. Data analysis was both qualitative and quantitative as they complemented each other in generating true information. It was established that PWDs are less involved in operation wealth creation program being attributed to Program design which does not favour their involvement and PWDs having not been made aware of the benefits. Services provided by OWC to the few involved PWDs were Delivery of seeds to farmers, youth livelihood funds and training. The findings indicated that to a large extent, OWC has not changed the livelihoods of people with physical disabilities and benefits included self-employment, improved skills and food security. The challenges faced in promoting livelihoods of people with physical disabilities through OWC have ranged from physical disability to discrimination and lack of information. It is evident that people with physical disabilities have not been involved in the current operation wealth creation. There is need for special attention to PWDs right from the program design to implementation and to build mechanisms into a framework that integrates and accommodates different stakeholder interests.
Coping With The Conflicts Between Agriculture And Biodiversity Conservation In Kiko Town Council In The Western Parts Of Kibale National Park, Kabarole District
(Isingoma Fred Baker, 2017-10-04) Isingoma, Fred,Baker;
The study was about coping with the conflicts between agriculture and biodiversity conservation in Kiko town council in the western parts of Kibale national park, Kabarole district. Kibale National Park is surrounded by small scale farmers who depend on subsistence agriculture for their livelihoods. Due to the ever increasing population and shortage of land in the fringes of the park, humans have resorted to encroaching part of the park land to meet the food demands of the population. The growing of crops (like maize, finger millet, Sweet/Irish potatoes, bananas and cassava) and rearing animals has attracted wild animals leading to human–wildlife conflicts. Wild animals destroy crops and kill domestic animals, in retaliation humans kill them by spearing or snaring. The study was cross sectional research in nature where both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analysis were used. A sample of 412 respondents was used. The study determined significant factors leading to conflicts between agriculture and biodiversity conservation in the fringes of Kibale National Park such as; Educational level in years (p=0.000), Distance between garden and park in kilometers (p=0.001), type of crops growth (p=0.000), type of animals reared ( p=0.000), poaching (p=0.005), park land encroachment ( p=0.000), human activities (p=0.000). The study also investigated how farmers have coped with the effects of conflicts arising from biodiversity conservation and this was mainly through reporting to Park Authorities, physically guarding crop gardens and animals, lighting fire in the gardens at night and planting less palatable crop species. Reducing crop raids and animal killings, eliminating environmental degradation, eco-system conservation, boost in production and productivity were the cited benefits of conserving the biodiversity resources. The study identified the alternative methods for biodiversity conservation that can allow co-existence with farming activities in the fringes of Kibale national park such as putting a ban on those who encroach park land, gusseting national parks and game reserves, eliminating poaching activities, elimination of bush and charcoal burning activities in protected areas as well as creating awareness in the community about the benefits of biodiversity conservation. The study recommended Government in conjunction with UWA to intervene and fully compensate the affected households, this compensation should be in form of food aid or in form of money. This can help the affected households to cope up with the losses resulting from raids and domestic animal killings.
Sustainable Waste Management Practices and Urban Development in Uganda,
(Bishop Saturday University, 2017-10-04) Joshua, Twinomujuni
The study aimed at assessing the effect of sustainable waste management practices on urban development in Uganda, taking Kamukuzi division as a sample in Mbarara municipality and as a case study. Objectives of the study were; to identify sustainable waste management practices contributing to urban development, to establish the existing gaps between sustainable waste management practices and urban development and to explore measures to fill the existing gaps between sustainable waste management practices and urban development. A case study research design was used where both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analysis were used. Case study enabled the researcher to study a single discrete social unit in depth. The study was based on a case study research design where different subjects were studied one point at a time. In this study, both the quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. The study population comprised employees from Kamukuzi division Mbarara municipality and community members with a total population of 6,459, a sample size consisted of 148 respondents where 50 respondents were used. Data analysis used two techniques namely qualitative and quantitative data analysis. It was found out that Solid waste management practices Communicate about coordination of primary and secondary collection systems, Separate waste inorganic materials, construction of drainage channels, Issuing of policies to communicate on proper waste management practices. Existing gaps between sustainable waste management and urban development included lack of attention at the planning and design stage, Insufficient incentives to implement waste reduction measures, poor sensitization of community members, poor strategic urban planning, corruption among officials, weak leadership, lack of strong government interaction, embezzlement of funds, Limited human resources and facilities. The study recommended that Outsourcing waste management services to private entities should demonstrate the importance of including social and livelihood aspects when considering full-scale privatization of waste management services.
Assessing The Utilization Of Compost Manure And Its Effects On Productivity Of Bananas In Rubaare And Rugarama Sub-Counties, Ntungamo District
(Kamusiime Arthur, 2017-10-10) Arthur, Kamusiime
Banana plays an important role in enhancing food security and income for majority households in Rugarama and Rubaare sub-counties. Despite its role, the area continues to experience a decline in banana yields due to declining soil fertility, pest and diseases. Continuous cropping without appropriate soil management practices has accelerated deterioration in soil physical, chemical and biological properties hence lowering the crop yields. Farmers have adopted yield enhancing technologies such as the use of organic fertilizers. The study assessed the utilization of compost manure and its effects on productivity of bananas in Rubaare and Rugarama sub-counties, Ntungamo district. The study objectives included (i) to; determine the percentage of banana farmers that are using compost manure, (ii) determine the methods used in the preparation of compost manure in order to enhance quality, (iii) to assess the contributions of compost manure towards the quality and quantity of banana harvested and (iv) find out the challenges associated with the use of compost manure in banana production. The study was cross-sectional in nature employing quantitative and qualitative approaches for data collection. Data was collected from 364 banana farmers using questionnaire and interviews. The rate of utilization and awareness of compost manure among banana farmers was high with 83% of the farmers using compost manure to enhance soil for banana production. Animal manure was the most commonly used at 35.7%, plant leaves and plant straws 23.6% and a combination of animal wastes and plant leaves 23%. The pile/hip method was the most commonly used method in the preparation of compost at 54.4%, followed by pit method at 31.3% and bin method 14.3% respectively. In terms of contributions towards the quality and quantity of banana harvested, compost manure improves the size and quality of banana fingers by 37.6%, improves soil water retention 25.8% and also improves the quality of bunches by 24.5%. Limited nutrient availability (p=0.001), lack of Labor (p=0.005), limited capital (p=0.003), lack of materials to use for compost (p=0.002) were the main challenges associated with the use of compost manure in banana production. The study recommended the need for education and awareness, increasing labor supply, strengthening the extension system, designing effective manure preparation methods, availing credit to farmers and encouraging farmers to take up mixed farming since increase in cattle holding has shown to significantly enhance manure use in banana production.
Urban/ Peri- Urban Agriculture And Livelihood Of The Urban/Peri-Urban Farmers In Kabale Municipality, Kabale District
(Bishop Stuart University, 2017-10-13) Polycarp, Owamani
This study was about urban/ peri- urban agriculture (UPA) and livelihood of urban farmers in Kabale municipality. Urban and peri-urban agriculture can play a crucial role in the economic, social, and dietary life of the urban dwellers, since urban farming households cultivate a wide range of crops and rear various types of livestock with substantial yields. The question of food supply and income is consequently becoming an issue of significance for urban residents, policymakers and administrations. The increasing urban population has put pressure on food demand. Kabale municipality has a big urban population (44200 people) as per the population statistics Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), estimated the population of the town at 44,200 in 2014. The study objectives included; agricultural enterprises owned and their production systems, benefits of urban/peri-urban farming on the livelihood of farmers, challenges faced by urban farmers and their mitigation measures. This was a cross-sectional study targeting farmers, extension workers and local leaders. Data was collected using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Farmers were selected using simple Radom sampling approach while key informants were purposively selected. Data was obtained from a total of 195respondents using interviews and questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS and thematic analysis was done on qualitative data. The study established both animal and crop enterprises owned by urban farmers in Kabale municipality. Crops grown included maize, vegetables, bananas, fruits, beans, cassava and banana. The most common livestock kept are cattle and poultry, pigs and goats. Urban Agriculture makes important contributions to the social, economic and ecological development of Kabale municipality by meeting food security needs of urban dwellers significantly. UPA also plays an important role in providing better nutrition, poverty alleviation, employment creation and environmental conservation. Farmers in Kabale municipality are still challenged with problems like limited space for grazing animals, lack of capital to purchase inputs and shortage of feeds which must be addressed to boost agricultural production in the municipality. Land was reported as one of the major obstacles to urban farming Kabale municipality, providing land to urban farmers should be the highest priority. Land is scarce in most of built-up areas, arrangements should be made to earmark some land for agriculture in urban/peri-urban areas. Such arrangements should be coordinated and supported by the local governments. Institutional support in combination with the creation of farmers associations (‘social capital’) is a prerequisite for successful poverty eradication by means of urban agriculture. en_US dc.language.iso
Menarcheal Age Among Public Secondary School Girls In Bushenyi District, Uganda
(Dafiewhare Onokiojare Ephraim, 2017-11) Ephraim; Dafiewhare Onokiojare
Menarcheal age marks the transition from girlhood to adulthood. It is a sensitive reproductive health indicator which reflects the public health status of a population. Its early onset is associated with diseases like breast cancer, diabetes and hypertension, and late onset with anxiety and osteoporosis. Menarcheal studies are scarce in Bushenyi District; hence this study was conducted to determine the menarcheal age pattern among schoolgirls in the District. The hypothesis tested was “presence of fathers and other men in households has no influence on menarche timing among the study population”. Permission to conduct this research was obtained from the Directorate of Postgraduate Studies, Research, Grants and Publications of Bishop Stuart University, Mbarara. Permission was also obtained from Head Teachers of schools that participated. A cross-sectional survey was conducted where semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 445 randomly selected Bushenyi secondary school girls. Menarcheal age was obtained through the “status quo method”. Stata 13.1 was used for descriptive statistics, two-tailed t-test and regression analyses on the data obtained. Respondents’ mean biological age was 15.08 ± 1.62 years. Post-menarcheal respondents had significantly higher mean weight, height and body mass index (p < 0.001). Earliest age at menarche was eight years and latest was at 17 years, while the mean menarcheal age (MMA) was 13.14 ± 1.34 years. Prevalence rates of early menarche and primary amenorrhoea were 2.70% and 2.92% respectively. Menarcheal age was strongly associated with biological age, weight, type of residence and handedness (p <0.05). The null hypothesis that “presence of fathers and other men have no influence on menarche timing among the study population” could not be accepted because menarche timing had significant association (p <0.05) with presence of fathers and other men in households. Based on the study outcome, it is recommended that appropriate policy makers should facilitate integration of menstrual information into health education programmes and disseminated widely. Also, more extensive menarcheal research should be done to generate national menarcheal age data.
The Factors Influencing The Spread Of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Boda-Boda Cyclists In Mbarara District. A Case Study Of Mbarara Municipality
(Bishop Stuart University, 2017-11-04) John, Kavigi
The study investigated the factors influencing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases among boda boda cyclists in Mbarara municipality, Mbarara District under objectives; to identify the factors influencing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases among boda boda cyclists, to find out the impact of sexually transmitted diseases on Boda boda cyclists, to identify the challenges met in fighting the spread of sexually transmitted diseases among boda boda cyclists and to suggest the possible ways of curbing down the spread of sexually transmitted diseases among boda boda cyclists in Mbarara. The research used a case study research design. The study population involved boda boda cyclists, boda boda leaders and the rest of the community members. A sample of 300 respondents was targeted to participate in the study. The researcher used purposive and simple random sampling in selecting respondents. The researcher questionnaires and interview guide for data collection. The study identified different factors leading to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases among boda boda cyclists in Mbarara municipality which include; poverty and financial limitations (p = .000), having multiple sexual relationships and cross generational sex in urban areas (p = .001), limited condom use among the cyclists (p = .000) and inadequate laws to create an environment for risk in urban areas (p = .000). The study also determined the impact of sexually transmitted diseases on Boda boda cyclists such as; leading to life threatening complications such as pain during or after urination, infertility in women, development of blisters around sexual organs, cancers, weakening of the immune system that result in chronic progressives that lead to death. The study identified major challenges met in fighting the spread of sexually transmitted diseases among boda boda cyclists such as; weak health systems, underfunding of STD prevention programmes, ever changing epidemiology of STDs and high levels of ignorance among boda boda cyclists among others. However, the study suggested the possible ways of curbing down the spread of sexually transmitted diseases among boda boda cyclists in Mbarara municipality such as; preaching abstinence and monogamy, beneficiaries’ involvement in prevention programs, promoting peer education, creating awareness among the affected group, encouraging cyclists to reduce sexual partners as well as emphasizing the use of use condoms. The researcher recommends that boda boda cyclists should be encouraged to reduce on the number of sex partners. Reducing on the number of sex partners can decrease the risk for STDs. It is still important that they get tested with their partners and share test results with one another.

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