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Item Managerial Competencies and Performance of Small-Scale Businesses in Sheema Municipality, Sheema District, Uganda(Bishop Stuart University, 2024) NDYANABO CRINARDThis study assessed the influence of managerial competencies on performance of small-scale businesses with special emphasis on the experiences in Sheema Municipality. A cross-sectional design with a quantitative method was used to conduct the study among small-scale businesses with special emphasis on the experiences in Sheema Municipality. The data was obtained from small-scale businesses business owners, managers and resource people. The study employed stratified random sampling in which 309 respondents selected to participate in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain the data from small-scale businessesentities. The study results led to the rejection of first, second and third null hypotheses of this studyand alternative hypotheses stating that operational managerial competencies of business owners and managers significantly influence the performance of small-scale businesses in Sheema Municipality, relational managerial competencies of business owners and managers significantly influence performance of small-scale businesses in Sheema Municipality, and strategic managerial competencies of business owners and managers significantly influence performance of small-scale businesses in Sheema Municipality were accepted. The findings also revealed that for each additional increase in overall rigour of operational managerial competencies of business owners and managers, performance of small-scale businesses in Sheema Municipality was likely to get an average increase of 2.149 units in performance of small-scale businesses (β = 2.149, p = 0.000); each additional increase in overall rigour of relational managerial competencies of business owners, performance of small-scale businesses in Sheema Municipality was likely to get an average increase of 2.423 units and 1.513 units in performance of small-scale businesses (β = 1.513, p = 0.000, β = 2.423, p = 0.000) ; and each additional increase in overall rigour of strategic managerial competencies of business owners, performance of small-scale businesses in Sheema Municipality was likely to get an average increase of 1.519 units, 2.054 units, 1.222 units and decrease by 1.819 units in performance of small-scale businesses (β = 1.519, p = 0.003, β = 2.054, p = 0.000, β = 1.222, p = 0.0020, β = -1.819, p = 0.000). It was concluded that business scall-scale business attach importance to operational, and Strategic managerial competenciesItem Adoption of Chemical Fertilizers in Coffee Production in Kikyenkye Sub-County, Ibanda District(Bishop Stuart University, 2024) Natukunda DavidThis study focused on assessing the adoption of chemical fertilizers in coffee production in Kikyenkye Sub-County, Ibanda District. It was conducted from January to April, 2023 in Kikyenkye Sub-county, Ibanda district. It was limited to; (i) investigating the perceptions and attitudes of farmers on application of chemical fertilizers in coffee, (ii) determining the level of awareness of chemical fertilizer use in coffee production, (iii) investigating farm-based factors that determine farmers’ choice to use chemical fertilizers in coffee production and, (iv) establishing possible strategies of promoting adoption of chemical fertilizers in coffee production. Despite government’s efforts to increase coffee yield through advocacy to use chemical fertilizers, its adoption by coffee farmers remained very low causing declining coffee yields and subsequently reduced household income for small-holder rural farmers in the study area. The study employed a cross-sectional, descriptive research design and primary data was collected from 124 coffee farmers and 27 informants using questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. Data collected was subjected to SPSS software version26.0 for analysis. The study found out that there is positive and significant perception and attitude of farmers on application of chemical fertilizers (P<0.05). Chemical fertilizer use ensures high productivity and bean quality of coffee. Chemical fertilizers are basically used on commercial crops like tea and coffee. The decisions on chemical fertilizer use is significantly based on access to information and market prices (P<0.05). It was further found out that farmers who had access to training services on the methods of application and easy access to the source of chemical fertilizers had significantly high level of awareness on the use of chemical fertilizers in coffee production (P<0.05). The study also found out that small plots of land under coffee production and land fragmentation significantly influenced farmers’ decisions to use chemical fertilizers in coffee (P<0.05). It was established that providing constant training and stabilizing prices for both agricultural inputs and crop outputs could lead to enhanced use of chemical fertilizers in coffee significantly (P<0.05). These could be used as strategies to promote chemical fertilizer use in coffee production. The study finally concluded that farmers’ perceptions and attitudes, level of awareness and farm-based factors significantly affect farmers’ adoption of chemical fertilizers in coffee production. The study recommends that there is a need for regular, practical and demonstration-based farmers’ training, policymakers to consider development of policies that promote accessibility and sustainable use of chemical fertilizers, there is need to support farmers to increase the scale of coffee production to make it more profitable with use of chemical fertilizers and the need to reduce the cost of chemical fertilizers through subsidies.Item The Influence of Operational Managerial Competencies of Business Owners and Managers on Performance of Small-Scale Businesses in Sheema Municipality, Sheema District(American Research Journal of Humanities Social Science (ARJHSS), 2024) Ndyanabo Crinard; Arthur Nuwagaba; Agume K. AnthonyThis study assessed the influence of operational managerial competencies on performance of small-scale businesses with special emphasis on the experiences in Sheema Municipality. A cross-sectional design with a quantitative method was used to conduct the study on small-scale businesses in Sheema Municipality. According to the 2021 Sheema Municipality Commercial Office records, the total number of small-scale businesses in Sheema Municipality is 2659, which constituted this study’s target population. This study’s sample size was obtained using Yamane (1967) formula, n = 2659/ (1 + (2659 * 0.052 ) = 347.80902551, which was approximately, 348 people and the study population included small-scale business owners, managers and resourceful people. The correlational research design was used to make inference about the population from drawing from the sample findings. The study employed stratified random sampling in which 309 respondents participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain the data from small-scale businesses entities. The findings also revealed that for each additional increase in overall rigour of operational managerial competencies of business owners and managers, performance of small-scale businesses in Sheema Municipality was likely to get an average increase of 2.149 units in performance of small-scale businesses (β = 2.149, p = 0.000). It was concluded that business small-scale business attach importance to operational managerial competencies. The study results led to rejection of the null hypothesis of this study and alternative hypothesis stating that operational managerial competencies of business owners and managers significantly influence performance of small-scale businesses in Sheema Municipality was accepted.Item Lending Terms and Profitability of Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Uganda :(American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS), 2024-04) Anne Atukwatse; Robert Turyamureeba; KatsimeNicsonThis study sought to fill the existing knowledge gap between credit terms, credit standards, collection procedures, and profitability of savings and credit cooperative organizations (SACCOs) in Mbarara City southwestern Uganda. In Uganda, credit management became widely adopted by SACCOs to mitigate loan defaults and improve SACCOs’ profitability. A cross-sectional research design with a quantitative approach was used in collecting data from SACCO's staff in Mbarara city. Participants were randomly selected and subjected to questionnaires. The data was coded, edited, and entered into SPSS version 23 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were presented using percentages, mean, and standard deviations. Correlations were used to determine the strength of relationships between lending terms and profitability. The present study found that there is a strong positive correlation between credit terms and profitability of SACCOs (r= .723; p<0.05), collection procedures and profitability of SACCOs (r= .762**; p<0.05), and a weak positive correlation between credit standards and financial performance of SACCOs (r= .244**; p<0.05). The study findings revealed a significant correlation between lending terms and SACCO profitability, suggesting that regulated SACCOs should adopt and implement lending terms strategies to boost profitability.Item Project-Based Learning and Learners’ Academic Achievement in Physics at Ordinary level in Government Aided Secondary Schools In Ibanda Municipality(Bishop Stuart University, 2024) Arthur TukakiraThe study focused on examining the relationship between project-based learning and academic achievement in physics among ordinary level students in government aided secondary schools in Ibanda Municipality. The study was guided by the following objectives; to examine the indicators of project-based learning in physics at ordinary level in government aided secondary schools, to assess academic achievement in physics at ordinary level in government aided secondary schools and to determine the relationship between project-based learning and academic achievement in physics at ordinary level in government aided secondary schools in Ibanda Municipality. A descriptive research design was employed using both quantitative and qualitative approaches to allow triangulation. Both stratified, systematic and purposive sampling techniques were applied to select the 467 respondents with responses of 432. Data collection methods such as questionnaire survey and interview methods were used. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multi-linear regression analysis. The findings of the study were; Students are grouped and given supervisors for project learning; class timetable has a provision for project work; Students conduct research and hands on during the project implementation. However, it was disagreed that students identify the critical project problem and students present findings from project research. The study also concluded that progress assessment scores determine physics academic achievement; end of term scores manifests physics performance in schools; grades at Uganda Certificate of Education (UCE) is an indicator of physics academic achievement and collaboration between teachers and students can improve their performance in physics. The study also concluded that there is a positive significant but weak relationship between project-based Learning and Academic learners’ achievement. The study recommends that evaluation in the project-based learning should be authentic. It also recommends that the teaching materials which are prepared basing on the project-based learning method should be obtained from a learning environment, students develop better performance skills in science and technology teaching and have more increased self-efficiency beliefs as compared with students instructed by using the traditional method. The study also recommends that project based learning (PBL) should highly be emphasized in the new current curriculum so that learners can perform very well especially in science subjects that’s chemistry, biology and physics as well. Projects should be identified basing on the existing problem in the society and research should be made by the learner when addressing all the procedures of the project. The study also recommends that enough resources in form of scholastic materials should be provided so as to promote project-based learning and learner’s academic achievement in physics at ordinary level in government aided secondary schools especially in Ibanda Municipality.Item Salary Disparity and Effectiveness of Teachers in Government Aided Secondary Schools of Bukanga County, Isingiro District(Bishop Stuart University, 2024) Benon, Baraire; Enock Barigye; Ronald BahatiThe study assessed the effect of salary disparity on the effectiveness of science teachers compared to arts teachers of government aided Secondary Schools in Bukanga County, Isingiro district. Objectives of the study were; i) examine the effect of salary disparity on the effectiveness of Science teachers in government aided secondary schools of Bukanga County, Isingiro District. ii)examine the effect of salary disparity on the effectiveness of Art teachers in government aided secondary schools of Bukanga County, Isingiro District.iii) establish the difference in the effectiveness of science teachers compared to arts teachers in government aided secondary schools of Bukanga County, Isingiro District. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study population included head teachers, deputy head teachers, directors of studies, science and arts teachers of government aided secondary schools. The appropriate sample size of this study was 126 respondents. The study adopted two sampling techniques namely purposive sampling and stratified random sampling. The study employed questionnaires, focused group discussions and documentary review. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS where T-Test for independent samples was computed to establish if difference in the effectiveness of science and arts teachers was statistically significant. The results from field indicate no statistical significant difference in the effectiveness between science and arts teachers. The T-Test for Independent Samples reveals that when equal variances are not assumed, the results remain consistent (t (81.986) = 1.175, p = 0.244). Overall, these findings suggest that there is no statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of the science teachers compared to arts teachers, regardless of whether equal variances are assumed or not. The group statistics for teacher effectiveness ratings in science and arts subjects with science mean effectiveness rating of 3.36 and arts mean effectiveness rating is slightly higher at 3.84, with a similar standard deviation of 0.45 and standard error of 0.07. This indicates that, on average, arts teachers were rated slightly higher in effectiveness compared to their counterparts teaching science subjects. The study recommends to implement a comprehensive review of the salary structure for teachers in government-aided secondary schools, develop specialized training programs for science teachers to enhance their effectiveness in various teaching aspects, explore opportunities for cross training between science and arts teachers and implement targeted performance improvement plans for science teachers based on the identified areas of lower effectivenessItem Salary Disparity and Effectiveness of Teachers in Government Aided Secondary Schools of Bukanga County, Isingiro District(Bishop Stuart University, 2024) Benon BaraireThe study assessed the effect of salary disparity on the effectiveness of science teachers compared to arts teachers of government aided Secondary Schools in Bukanga County, Isingiro district. Objectives of the study were; i) examine the effect of salary disparity on the effectiveness of Science teachers in government aided secondary schools of Bukanga County, Isingiro District. ii)examine the effect of salary disparity on the effectiveness of Art teachers in government aided secondary schools of Bukanga County, Isingiro District.iii) establish the difference in the effectiveness of science teachers compared to arts teachers in government aided secondary schools of Bukanga County, Isingiro District. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study population included head teachers, deputy head teachers, directors of studies, science and arts teachers of government aided secondary schools. The appropriate sample size of this study was 126 respondents. The study adopted two sampling techniques namely purposive sampling and stratified random sampling. The study employed questionnaires, focused group discussions and documentary review. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS where T-Test for independent samples was computed to establish if difference in the effectiveness of science and arts teachers was statistically significant. The results from field indicate no statistical significant difference in the effectiveness between science and arts teachers. The T-Test for Independent Samples reveals that when equal variances are not assumed, the results remain consistent (t (81.986) = 1.175, p = 0.244). Overall, these findings suggest that there is no statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of the science teachers compared to arts teachers, regardless of whether equal variances are assumed or not. The group statistics for teacher effectiveness ratings in science and arts subjects with science mean effectiveness rating of 3.36 and arts mean effectiveness rating is slightly higher at 3.84, with a similar standard deviation of 0.45 and standard error of 0.07. This indicates that, on average, arts teachers were rated slightly higher in effectiveness compared to their counterparts teaching science subjects. The study recommends to implement a comprehensive review of the salary structure for teachers in government-aided secondary schools, develop specialized training programs for science teachers to enhance their effectiveness in various teaching aspects, explore opportunities for cross-training between science and arts teachers and implement targeted performance improvement plans for science teachers based on the identified areas of lower effectiveness.Item Social Support Moderates the Stigma of Being a Refugee(Scientific Research Publishing, 2024) Ronald Bahati; Florence Tutaryebwa; Eriah Kambere; Noel Kansiime; Annah Assiimwe Tibazindwa; Gershom AtukundaBackground: Social support has been documented as playing an important and positive role in the health and well-being of refugees right from escape from their country of origin to their final new settlement. It relates to the experience of being valued, respected, cared about, and loved by others who are present in one’s life. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of stigma and the association between social support and stigma among African refugees living in Mbarara city, southwestern Uganda. Methods: African refugees who had settled in Mbarara city for at least twelve months before the study totaling 343 were assessed on the prevalence of stigma and the role perceived social support in their daily functioning. Stigma was measured by the Discrimination and Stigma Scale-12 while social support was measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MDSPSS). Using SPSSV26, descriptive statistics were calculated to determine the prevalence of refugee stigma. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the predictor and outcome variables. Results: Most of the participants 84% (n = 288) reported to have experienced stigma. Of these, 122 (36%) were females and 166 (48%) were males. Results revealed that 56% (n = 193) of the participants reported to have experienced enacted stigma whereas 70% refugees living in urban areas in Uganda. However, a unit increase in the level of social support reduces the level of stigma experienced. We recommend that interventions that improve social support networks of refugees in urban areas to be designed. (n = 239) experienced internalized stigma. There were no significant differences across gender in the experience of stigma (χ2 = 4.006, p = 0.940). Results of the hierarchical linear model showed that social support had a statisically significant negative association with stigma (b = −0.44; 95% CI −0.51 to −0.36). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of stigma among AfricanItem TEACHERS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE INCLUSION OF CHILDREN IN STREET SITUATIONS IN MAINSTREAM EDUCATION IN KAMPALA DISTRICT, CENTRAL UGANDA(International Journal of Education and Research, 2023) Atuhaire, Annah; Nyaga Kindiki, Jonah; Mugun Boit, John; Chumba, SammyThe United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number four target five seeks to eliminate all forms of discrimination in education for marginalized groups including children in vulnerable situations like those in street situations. Inclusion of vulnerable children into mainstream education has not been sufficiently studied. This study assessed teachers’ attitudes towards the inclusion of children in street situations in mainstream education. Adopting convergent-parallel mixed method research design. A total of 264 teachers were randomly selected from 40 public primary schools in Kampala district. Additionally, a purposive sampling method was used to select nine children in street situations who had dropped out of school, and five representatives from governmental and non-governmental organizations. The purpose of these selections was to gather insights into teachers' attitudes towards the inclusion of children in street situations into mainstream education. Qualitative data was generated using semi structured interviews and analyzed thematically. Quantitative data was generated using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. This research observed ethical principles and trustworthiness. Quantitative findings revealed that teachers’ attitude (F (3, 259) = 0.807, P > 0.05) was insignificant hence was not a strong predictor for educational inclusion of children in street situations. Qualitative findings revealed that teachers’ attitudes do not anticipate educational access to children in street situations. Also, there were mixed reactions regarding teachers’ attitude as either negative or positive towards engaging learners from the street in the mainstream classroom. The study concluded that teachers’ attitude poorly predicted inclusion of children in street situations in mainstream education and a total of 99.1% of the variation in inclusive education can be explained by other variables or factors other than teachers’ attitude. The study recommended that the Government could provide education accessible to children in streets situations. Additionally, there is need for doing further research to assess the significance of teachers’ attitudes towards the engagement of learners from the streets in schools and classrooms after they have been initiated into inclusive education. The findings are significant to the Government and teachers in planning and policy formulation for inclusivity of children in street situations in accessing equitable quality education for all provided in the mainstream education.Item PROGRAM PROGRESSION AND COMPLETION AMONG POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS AT BISHOP STUART UNIVERSITY(Bishop Stuart University, 2023-06) Twebaze, RichardThis paper was generated from findings of a survey that was done involving postgraduate students and lecturers of Bishop Stuart University to find out the status of course progression and completion among Masters and PhD students. The study sought to establish the factors impacting program progression and completion among postgraduate students at Bishop Stuart University. The data for the study was collected through online questionnaires and interviews with Masters and PhD postgraduate students that were registered between the years 2015 and 2018. The findings indicated that the majority of students spend more than twice the amount of the minimum time allowed for the programs registered for. It was established that after the completion of the first academic year of class work, there is little follow up on the students. As a result, most students graduate well behind schedule while others drop out. Financial constraints were mentioned by students as the main challenge causing delay in program progression and completion. Other key challenges mentioned were the Covid-19 induced lockdown, disagreement between supervisors, personal health challenges and inaccessible or unresponsive supervisors that take a very long time to provide feedback when they are given work for review. Some students also mentioned that they were unable to access most online journals that required a subscriptionItem ASSURING QUALITY IN UGANDAN UNIVERSITIES DURING COVID-19(Bishop Stuart University, 2023) Kabeba Muriisa, Roberts; Bariyo, Rogers; Mlahagwa, WendoThe Corona Virus Pandemic sparked a crisis across many sectors of the economy. The virus led to the closure of many sectors including education. In Uganda, the education sector was closed for 22 months leaving many children and schools stranded on how to learn and deliver education services. The higher education sector reacted by introducing online learning. Since to many online learning was a crisis response, the transition was abrupt, thus calling for an investigation into the quality of education offered by universities during COVID-19. We interrogate the learners’ experience with online learning with a view to understanding the extent to which quality standards were maintained. Understanding how the learning experience can lead to improved design of future online programs and avoid the crisis in the education program delivery system. We collected both qualitative and quantitative data using questionnaires sent to students online. A sample was conveniently drawn from students who studied online during COVID-19. The sample consisted of both students undertaking undergraduate and post-graduate training at various levels. Our findings indicated that the majority of students were not well trained to undertake the online program, institutional support was also limited during online training and students indicated that online training can be better delivered if universities provide adequate training to students and invest in infrastructure developmentItem BISHOP STUART UNIVERSITY JOURNAL of DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION & TECHNOLOGY(Bishop Stuart University, 2023)Item BISHOP STUART UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION & TECHNOLOGY(Bishop Stuart University, 203) Bishop Stuart UniversityThe Corona Virus Pandemic sparked a crisis across many sectors of the economy. The virus led to the closure of many sectors including education. In Uganda, the education sector was closed for 22 months leaving many children and schools stranded on how to learn and deliver education services. The higher education sector reacted by introducing online learning. Since to many online learning was a crisis response, the transition was abrupt, thus calling for an investigation into the quality of education offered by universities during COVID-19. We interrogate the learners’ experience with online learning with a view to understanding the extent to which quality standards were maintained. Understanding how the learning experience can lead to improved design of future online programs and avoid the crisis in the education program delivery system. We collected both qualitative and quantitative data using questionnaires sent to students online. A sample was conveniently drawn from students who studied online during COVID-19. The sample consisted of both students undertaking undergraduate and post-graduate training at various levels. Our findings indicated that the majority of students were not well trained to undertake the online program, institutional support was also limited during online training and students indicated that online training can be better delivered if universities provide adequate training to students and invest in infrastructure development.Item Human Resource Development Practices and Job Performance of Academic Staff: A Case of Mbarara University of Science and Technology in South Western Uganda(G-Card, 2021-01) Judith Arinaitwe; Enock Barigye, PhD; Basil Tibanyendera, PhDThis study investigated the relationship between human resource development practices and job performance of academic staff at Mbarara University of Science and Technology. The human resource development practices in relation to job performance of academic staff were performance appraisal, training and promotion. The study used the correlational research design on a sample of 150 respondents with data collected using a questionnaire survey. Data were analysed using quantitative methods. Descriptive results revealed that performance of academic staff was high. The implementation of performance appraisal was fair (moderate). Regression results showed that training and promotion had positive and significant influence on job performance of academic staff. Nevertheless, the influence of performance appraisal on job performance of academic staff was not significant. Therefore, it was concluded that the implementation of performance appraisal was weak to have a significant influence on performance of academic staff. Training was essential for performance of academic staff in the university and promotion was a prerequisite for performance of academic staff. Hence, it was recommended that human resource director and administrators in the university should strengthen the implementation of performance appraisal, training should be prioritized to enhance performance of academic staff in the university and promotion should be given significant priority to promote performance of academic staff.Item Effect of School Infrastructure on Pupil Enrolment in Universal Primary Education Schools: A Case of Mbarara City, Uganda(G-Card, 2021-03) Nasuna, G.; Arinaitwe, J; Barigye, E.; Kyayemagye, F.This study investigated the relationship between school infrastructure and pupil enrolment among the universal primary education schools in Mbarara City, Uganda. School infrastructure was conceptualized in terms of physical, services and didactic aspects. The study adopted the cross-sectional research design with a sample of 230 from the population of 776 teachers. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and was analysed quantitatively. The study established that much as the schools had adequate infrastructure including appropriate buildings, enough classrooms, desks that enabled comfortable writing, comfortable classroom chairs, appropriate blackboards and classrooms with attractive charts, the UPE schools did not attract the expected number of pupils. Services infrastructure was at a fair level as a lot was still desired in the schools with respect to electricity, provision of drinking water, toilets for boys and girls and school clinics. The libraries were to a less extent spacious. The schools had very limited working computers and other technologies such as television sets and projectors. While physical infrastructure and services infrastructure had a positive and significant relationship with pupils’ enrolment, didactic infrastructure did not have a relationship. It was therefore recommended that leadership in schools under investigation should make effort to entice parents to take pupils to UPE schools. This could be accomplished by improving the quality of school infrastructure. Since the physical and service infrastructures had a significant relationship with the school enrolment, such factors should be improved in order to enable the schools attract the required number of pupils.Item ORGANISATIONAL MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE OF HEALTH CENTRE IV WORKERS IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF SOUTH WESTERN UGANDA(2021-06) JOHNSON ATWIINEThe study aimed at examining the relationship between employee commitment, organizational rewards and job conditions on performance of Health Centre IV workers in selected districts of South-western Uganda. This study adopted descriptive and analytical research design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches of data collection and analysis. A sample size 215 respondents that consist of health workers, political leaders, end-users and supervisors participated in this study. The data was collected using questionnaire survey and interview method. It was also analyzed using both SPSS v.25 and Nvivo statistical packages respectively. The results revealed positive and significant associations between employee commitment and performance of health centre IV workers; organizational rewards and performance of health centre IV workers in selected districts of south western Uganda and job conditions and performance of health centre IV workers in selected districts of south western Uganda. In regards to employee commitment, it was established that while affective and continuance commitment were noticed to be important predictors of health center IV workers, normative commitment was not. In regards to the elements of organizational rewards, salary and recognition were established to be significant predictors of health center IV worker’s performance, while bonus and promotion were not. The study concludes that employee commitment, organizational rewards and job condition are true predictors of health workers performance in health center IVs. Therefore the study recommends that health management officers should develop good health policies, working terms and strategies for the entire health workers at all levels for better health service delivery of all citizens in Uganda.Item Comparative Analysis of Farmer Organisation for Value Chain Development in Israel’s Agriculture and the Maize Value Chain in Kamwenge District(Arinaitwe Mark, 2017-10) Mark, ArinaitweThis study a comparative study between farmer organization for value chain development in Israel’s agriculture sector and the maize value chain in Kamwenge District, Western Uganda. It was guided by three objectives; to examine farmer organisation in Israel’s agricultural sector, identify the stages and challenges of the maize value chain in Kamwenge, and then draw lessons from farmer organisation for value chain development in Israel agriculture sector that can enhance the maize value chain in Kamwenge district. The study was designed in two parts; first, a review of documents to discuss farmer organisation in Israel is supplemented by observations on four Israeli farms that were made in 2014-2015 during Agro-studies Internship in Israel. Secondly acrossectional study of 190 respondents in Kamwenge district. The respondents included 160 maize farmers, 20 traders and 10 millers. Data was collected using questionnaires and analysed qualitatively when comparing farmer organisation for value chain development in Israel and Kamwenge and descriptively using SPSS. The study found out that in Israel farmers were organised using cooperative principles, right from production at community level (kibbutz) through regional level to final consumption and export at national level. Farmers in Israel receive government social support; free child education, medical care and accommodation. Child education is tailored to imparting skills for agricultural production and development. Government provides organised input supply for each enterprise of kibbutz choice, with advanced technologies and services along the value chain.Item Utilization Of Household Solid Waste For Sustainable Agricultural Production Among Farmers In Shuuku And Kitagata Sub-Counties, Sheema District(Bishop Stuart University, 2017-10-03) MALLIOUS, AMANYAThe study was about utilization of household solid waste for sustainable agricultural production among farmers in Shuuku and Kitagata sub-counties, Sheema district. Sheema district is one of the districts with high population estimated to be 220,200 people with limited information and technology to transform the increasing generated wastes into an agricultural resource for sustainable production which has resulted into an accumulation of domestic wastes generation at house hold level. The objectives of the study were to (i) identify the types of solid waste generated at household level in the area, (ii) examine the solid waste management and disposal practices at household level, (iii) assess the level of knowledge by households regarding the various methods for converting solid wastes into productive resources and (iv) establish the challenges facing households in solid waste management. It was a randomly-sampling based survey of 190 respondents living in the two sub-counties of Shuuku and Kitagata. Questionnaires and interviews were used to capture the required data. The results indicated that six (6) different types of solid wastes including food waste, plastic, wood/organic matter, metal, glass, textiles and leather were generated by householders with food and plastic wastes being the dominant ones. The most popular methods of disposal of solid wastes were dumping, burning, composting, recycle/reuse, burying and giving it to livestock as feeds; these methods were specifically favoring people living in the low-income households. Respondents generally had a low level of knowledge concerning the methods available for converting solid wastes into resources. A good percent of respondents had knowledge on sustainable agricultural practices. However, given the right information and conditions, more than 90% of the respondents were willing to accept the alternative methods of converting waste into a resource such as reduction, reuse, recycling and composting. The study further established the challenges faced by households in the management of solid waste such as; inadequate capital to turn waste into a resource (p=0.010), lack of dumping sites (p=0.004), and bad outdoors coming out from decomposing waste (p=0.002). In conclusion therefore all the study objectives were achieved and the study concluded that there was solid waste management and disposal practices in the area, the population is knowledgeable about the various methods for converting solid wastes into productive resources and had knowledge about sustainable agriculture. The study recommended more efforts to be directed towards educating and sensitizing community members about the appropriate methods of turning household kitchen residues into an agricultural resource for sustainable agriculture production.Item Factors Influencing The Place Of Delivery Among Pregnant Mothers In Ishaka Municipality Bushenyi District(Bishop Stuart University, 2017-10) Muhongya, KakuleSince 2000 to-date, there have been several health sector reforms in Uganda. These include abolition of user fees in Public Health facilities and increasing subsidies from Government to Private not for Profit health facilities. These reforms have led to increased utilization of health services as evidenced by numerous studies and reports. However, utilization of maternity services has remained low. Bushenyi is one of the districts that have achieved the national target of 40% deliveries conducted by skilled health workers. Despite being known by pregnant women that visiting a trained health personnel with midwifery skills during childbirth significantly decreases both maternal morbidity and mortality, there is still low utilization of skilled attendance for childbirth in Ishaka municipality. The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe the factors that influence the place of delivery among pregnant women in Ishaka municipality. A sample of 358 women was interviewed using structured questionnaires. These women had either delivered at; home, TBA, private or public clinic and 83% had been delivered by skilled attendants. Choice of delivery site was influenced by factors including the attitudes of health workers, proximity of site (p =0.028), attendance of antenatal clinic at a site, availability of supplies and drugs (p=0.000), plus level of care including emergency obstetric care (p=0.038), affordability of services (p=0.014). The study concluded that skilled attendance at birth is under reported. Choice of delivery site depended on personal, community, health worker attitude, health facility and health system design. Due to low literacy rates prevailing in the district, there is need to develop reproductive health programs that lead to closer and more community engagements with the health workers in order to sensitize the community and give correct information and messages to guide women in decision making processes.Item Determinants Of Substance Use Among Adolescents Attending The Hiv Clinic At Mbarara Municipal Council Hc Iv(Bishop Stuart University, 2017-02-15) ALLEN, KEKIBIINAAlthough there has been several programmes geared towards alleviating challenges such as stigma and opportunistic infections among adolescents living with HIV/AIDS, substance use is a public health concern. This study therefore sought to document the challenges, their association with substance use, as well as documenting the most commonly used substances among adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Mbarara municipality. A cross sectional study design with quantitative methods using a pretested semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect information from adolescents living with HIV/AIDS attending Mbarara Municipal Council HC IV. Simple random sampling was used to select 187 study participants during the months of June to July 2017. A semi structured questionnaire was used to assess the determinants of substance use and associated challenges. The substance use questionnaire from The European School survey questionnaire on Alcohol and other drugs was adopted, adjusted and used. Results of this study indicate that adolescents with stigma had higher odds of substance use (AOR=0.2, 95%CI: 0.03-0.85, p<.01). Findings also indicate that there was an association between stigma and alcohol use (AOR=0.4, 95%CI: 0.12-0.53,p<.05). In addition, results revealed that adolescents who were experiencing stigma had higher odds of alcohol use and adolescents with opportunistic infections had higher risk of using Marijuana. (AOR=0.4, 95%CI: 0.09-1.98, p<0.05).In general adolescents living with HIV/AIDS experience challenges that are related to substance use especially alcohol and marijuana. Therefore this study’s results call for interventions to motivate/support HIV positive adolescents in resource limited settings focusing on substance use.