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Culture, tradition and healthcare
(2024) Alex Ayebazibwe Kakama; Ambrose Atuheire; Danson Kahyana
In southwestern Uganda, a custom of health and social support has been man- aged through collective organizations known as engozi for centuries. Subscribers advanced help for those who were not able to provide for themselves and their house- holds. Participants pooled financial and food resources, offered emotional assis- tance, and aided in transporting patients to hospitals. The institution of “free gov- ernment health amenities” caused the decline of the engozi custom. However, with an insufficient annual health sector budget allocation, the state health services can- not satisfactorily meet the needs. The Kisiizi neighborhood, while depending on the engozi practice, arrived at a CHI system in 1996 as a self-help innovation to elimi- nate financial obstacles and enhance access to quality health amenities. Numerous studies on CHI have examined the structure, registration and memberships, health- related advantages, and monetary-related benefits, but little has been documented on how cultural beliefs and customs have affected its application. This study aimed to identify the role of culture and customs in tackling healthcare disparities via a CHI strategy. This study adopted a case study methodology and qualitative methods. The study utilizes Woolcock’s social capital theory and Cultural competence theory as the analytical framework. It identifies Brotherhood, Solidarity, Belonging, Coop- eration, Volunteering, Reciprocity, and Respect for Authority and Leaders as key values upheld by the engozi tradition, strengthening social capital and laying a solid oundation for successful CHI. This study also identified that societal values and tra- ditions have significantly impacted the implementation of the Kisiizi CHI scheme, as evidenced by the influence on CHI leadership and governance, collecting pre- mium fees from subscribers, mobilization and registration of participants, and infor- mation dissemination. Lastly, the study identified that CHI has positively affected healthcare challenges within the community, evidenced by increased utilization of healthcare services, improved access to antenatal care, health promotion and disease prevention initiatives, and improved quality of services due to user feedback.
Culture, tradition and healthcare
(International Journal of Anthropology and Ethnology, 2024) Alex Ayebazibwe Kakama; Ambrose Atuheire; Danson Kahyana
In southwestern Uganda, a custom of health and social support has been man- aged through collective organizations known as engozi for centuries. Subscribers advanced help for those who were not able to provide for themselves and their house- holds. Participants pooled financial and food resources, offered emotional assis- tance, and aided in transporting patients to hospitals. The institution of “free gov- ernment health amenities” caused the decline of the engozi custom. However, with an insufficient annual health sector budget allocation, the state health services can- not satisfactorily meet the needs. The Kisiizi neighborhood, while depending on the engozi practice, arrived at a CHI system in 1996 as a self-help innovation to elimi- nate financial obstacles and enhance access to quality health amenities. Numerous studies on CHI have examined the structure, registration and memberships, health- related advantages, and monetary-related benefits, but little has been documented on how cultural beliefs and customs have affected its application. This study aimed to identify the role of culture and customs in tackling healthcare disparities via a CHI strategy. This study adopted a case study methodology and qualitative methods. The study utilizes Woolcock’s social capital theory and Cultural competence theory as the analytical framework. It identifies Brotherhood, Solidarity, Belonging, Coop- eration, Volunteering, Reciprocity, and Respect for Authority and Leaders as key values upheld by the engozi tradition, strengthening social capital and laying a solid foundation for successful CHI. This study also identified that societal values and tra- ditions have significantly impacted the implementation of the Kisiizi CHI scheme, as evidenced by the influence on CHI leadership and governance, collecting pre- mium fees from subscribers, mobilization and registration of participants, and infor- mation dissemination. Lastly, the study identified that CHI has positively affected healthcare challenges within the community, evidenced by increased utilization of healthcare services, improved access to antenatal care, health promotion and disease prevention initiatives, and improved quality of services due to user feedback.
DOLESCENT-PARENT COMMUNICATION ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ISSUES IN MBAARE SUB COUNTY IN ISINGIRO DISTRICT.A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY.
(SJ Nursing and Midwifery Africa, 2024-03) Amanyire, Mark; Tugume, Rodrick; Natwijuka, Andrew
Background: Improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health continues to be a global public health need. Effective parent– adolescent communication on sexual health issues has been cited as a factor that could influence adolescents toward adopting safer sexual behavior. The study aims to invest the adolescent-parent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in Mbaare sub-county. Methods: It was systematically searched and synthesized qualitative literature. We assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programmed (CASP) checklist. We thematically analyzed qualitative data from the included young adolescents who were selected randomly from three parishes of Mbaare Sub County. Results: Fifteen studies were included. Social and physiological events act as triggers for initiating discussions. Fear of personal, social, and economic consequences of high-risk sexual behaviors act as drivers for communication but also carry a negative framing that hinders open discussion. Lack of parental self-efficacy and cultural and religious norms create an uncomfortable environment leaving peers, media, teachers, and siblings as important and sometimes preferred sources of sexual health information. Conclusions: While mothers recognize their role in adolescent sexual and reproductive health and school-based interventions can act as useful prompts for initiating discussion, fathers are mainly absent from the home-based dialogue. Fear dominates the narrative, and the needs of adolescents remain unarticulated. Improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health remains an important public health need globally. Effective communication on sexual health issues between adolescents and their parents has been recognized to influence safer sexual behavior among adolescents. This review combined qualitative evidence to understand the nature of and barriers to communication about sex between parents and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Recommendation: Researchers should use this information for decision-makers in choosing strategies for improving parent-child communication regarding Sexual and Reproductive Health matters
EXPERIENCES OF SELF-CARE AMONG TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS AT KABWOHE HEALTH CENTER IV. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
(SJ Nursing and Midwifery Africa, 2024-03) Tugume, Rodrick; Natwijuka, Andrew
Background: The study aims to explore experiences of self-care among patients with type 2 diabetes yielding new knowledge regarding self-care and also helping to prioritize type 2 diabetes management targets that are specific to the self-care needs of diabetic patients at Kabwohe Health Center IV. Methods: This was a cross-sectional phenomenological study design that employed a purposive sampling technique that involved diabetic patients of 5 years and above from the time of diagnosis who are receiving care at Kabwohe Health Center IV in Sheema District Uganda. The study involved 18 study participants and employed an in-depth interview guide with open-ended questions Results: Four emergent themes were identified to illustrate the self-care experiences among patients with Type 2 DM. These themes were: (i) dietary adjustment, (ii) social support (iii) personal journey (iv) self-regulation. Conclusion: Participants demonstrated an understanding of diabetes self-care but showed a need for a deeper and personally centered orientation towards diabetes self-care from the health workers Recommendation: The study recommends a detailed and personal-centered health education among these diabetic patients
KNOWLEDGE OF NURSING STUDENTS TOWARDS COVID-19 VACCINATION AT BISHOP STUART UNIVERSITY. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
(SJ Nursing and Midwifery Africa, 2024-03) Anyijukire, Rogers; Natwijuka, Andrew
Background: The study aims to document the Knowledge of Nursing students about COVID-19 vaccination at Bishop Stuart University. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design and used quantitative data collection techniques. The study was conducted among nursing students of Bishop Stuart University Ruharo campus. A simple random sampling method was used to choose participants and a sample size of 139 Respondents was selected for the study. The data collected from questionnaires was entered and analyzed using a statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). Results: The study had a higher percentage of female participants (64.0%) than male participants (36.0%). Anyone who scored over 75% was regarded as having excellent knowledge, one who received between 50% and 75% was seen as having good knowledge, and one who received less than 50% was regarded as having poor knowledge (below 3 questions correctly answered). In regards to the vaccines used in Uganda, AstraZeneca was 123(88.5),Johnson 123(88.5), Moderna 111(79.9), Covaxin 10(7.2), and Pfizer 89(64.0). Regarding vaccine safety, those safe without side effects were 20(14.4), those safe with some side effects 101(72.2), and those not safe with obvious side effects 18(12.9)Participants who got infected with COVID-19 after vaccination were 127(91.4) and those who were not infected after the vaccination 12(8.6), those that were suffering from COVID-19 and yet they were vaccinated were 39(28.1) and those that were not vaccinated and yet suffered from COVID-19 100(71.9), Those that were vaccinated with a second different vaccine were 103(74.1) and those who were not 36(25.9) Conclusion: Most of the participants had strong awareness about COVID-19 vaccination. Recommendation: The government should also initiate a fight against negative information circulating on social and news media replacing it with correct and rightful information as far as COVID-19 vaccination is concerned.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH BODY FLUIDS EXPOSURE AMONG NURSING STUDENTS OF BISHOP STUART UNIVERSITY.
(SJ Nursing and Midwifery Africa, 2024) Tusimiirwe, Happiness; Natwijuka, Andrew
Background: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with body fluid exposure among nursing students. Method: A cross-sectional study design that employed a quantitative method of data collection was used. This design took a short time and no intervention was done after data collection. A total of 107 participants were selected by simple random sampling technique and data obtained was analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: One hundred eight nursing students consented to participate in the study and all completed questionnaires making it 100% response. The majority of the respondents (90.7%) had ever been exposed to body fluids with 55.1% having been exposed to blood .49.0% of the respondents were exposed to body fluids over 3 times during their clinical practicum. The overall findings from the study revealed a significant relationship between the level of education, availability and use of PPEs, annual IPC training, availability of PPEs, and number of patients with exposure body among nursing students. Conclusion: The study highlighted a large percentage (90.7%) of the nursing students to have been exposed to body fluids with most of them having been exposed to blood and had more than 3 exposures to body fluids during their clinical practice. Recommendation: Institutional administrators should also ensure that students are provided with support supervision and continuous medical education to empower them on proper waste disposal and infectious disease control/management.
Depression and Suicidal Ideations among Older Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Mbarara City, Southwest Uganda
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2023) Mutambi Amanyire, Jordan; Aheisibwe, Irene; Mohan Kaggwa, Mark; Rukundo, Godfrey Zari
Background: Due to the increase in longevity and use of antiretroviral treat ment, Uganda has had a growing population of older persons living with HIV/AIDS. However, there is a paucity of information on the mental health of the elderly living with HIV/AIDS. In this cross-sectional study, we deter mined the prevalence of, and associated factors for depression and suicidal ideation among older persons living with HIV/AIDS in Mbarara city, south west Uganda. Methods: Older persons (150 females, 115 males), with mean age = 64.2 (±5.1) years, accessing health services from three purposively se lected HIV/AIDS care centers in Mbarara city, southwest Uganda were re cruited. Data on depression and suicidal ideation were collected using a Pa tient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) validated in Uganda, and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on clinical and socio-demographic characteristics. Data were analysed using logistic regression. Results: Ap proximately 8.3% and 12.1% had depression and suicidal ideation, respec tively. The factors associated with lowering the likelihood of depression were: an increase in the number of family members they stayed with and having no having any problems with their ARVs. On the other hand, earning more than 100,000 Uganda shillings was associated with reducing the risk of suicidal ideations among the participants. Conclusion: Approximately 8 to 12 in 100 older persons living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda have experienced depression or suicidal ideation. Family support and financial control were instrumental factors associated with depression and suicidal ideations, respectively. We recommended strengthening family structures and creating more avenues for financial independence among older persons living with HIV/AIDS to reduce the burden of depression, and suicidal behaviours among this vulnerable population.
Socio-Economic Factors that Influence Adherence to ARVS Among HIV Infected Pregnant Mothers in Health Facilities in Mbarara City, Western Uganda
(International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, 2023-09) Beatrice, Keshara; Tumwebaze, Mathias; Bright Laban, Waswa
Globally, poor adherence to ART is a challenge among pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS. This study assessed the factors affecting adherence to ARVs among HIV pregnant mothers in health facilities in Mbarara City. This study was a cross-sectional study design. The study population included HIV-positive pregnant mothers on ART attending the HIV clinics in public health facilities in Mbarara City. Quantitative data were coded, entered, and cleaned. They were then exported to STATA Version 13 for analysis. The study findings found participants who received financial support were 1.8 times more likely to adhere to antiretrovirals than those who never received any support. Participants who noted farming as source of income for the family were 1.5 times more likely to adhere to ART than those who had businesses as source of income for the family; participants who had household income of 100,000-300,000 per month were 1.65 times more likely to adhere to ART than those who had above 800,000/= household income. It was concluded the significance of disclosure, social support, financial assistance, knowledge, income source, treatment duration, and personal willingness in promoting adherence to ART among individuals living with HIV. Implementing strategies that address these factors could help improve treatment adherence and ultimately enhance the health outcomes of people living with HIV. It was concluded that, the ministry of health should promote and facilitate initiatives that encourage disclosure of HIV status, as it plays a significant role in adherence to ART. The government should implement educational campaigns to improve knowledge about HIV, ART, and its benefits to enhance treatment adherence.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Parents of Young Girls (Aged 8 – 12) In Mbarara City; a Cross-Sectional Study
(Student’s Journal of Health Research Africa, 2023) Twikirize, Bright; Kalibwani, Rebecca; Amanyire, Jordan
Introduction: To reduce the cervical cancer burden, many governments have emphasized the Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine as an important prevention strategy. Despite its effectiveness in preventing human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and free HPV immunization programs, vaccine acceptance is not guaranteed as some cultures are still against it due to various reasons. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception of human papillomavirus vaccination (HPV) among parents of young girls (aged 8 – 12) in Mbarara City. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches for data collection and analysis. Information was collected from a sample of 288 respondents and 12 key informants using questionnaires and interviews. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and STATA Version 18.0 Results: The study discovered that the level of Knowledge on HPV vaccination among parents of young girls was relatively low (41.3%) despite most respondents revealing to have heard about HPV and its associated infections like cervical cancer and genital warts. The study also found out that a large portion of community members (62.1%) still had negative attitudes towards the vaccine which has negatively affected their perceptions. Negative attitudes and perceptions equally played a big role towards vaccination leading to low vaccine acceptability in the area. The study further discovered a wide knowledge gap about HPV infection and HPV vaccine uptake (42%) and this has to be addressed. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study confirmed that knowledge about human papillomavirus vaccination (HPV) was low and attitude and perception of human papillomavirus vaccination (HPV) was poor among parents of young girls (aged 8 – 12). Recommendations: Tailored community-based interventions and sensitization programs are a viable means to achieve this for multiple reasons. There is a need for specific training for healthcare workers who are the first contact point for patients.
Assessing the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among Health Workers on Rotavirus Diarrhoea Prevention in Rukiga District
(European Journal of Health Sciences, 2023) Davis, Ahabwe; Francis, Kazibwe
Purpose: Rotavirus has been identified as the most common pathogen associated with severe diarrhoea. Rotavirus infection is the leading cause of diarrhea in children under five and it is highly contagious. It poses an exception to typical diarrheal disease management rules. While improved access to clean water and better sanitation and hygiene practices are vital to preventing most diarrheal diseases, they have done little to disrupt infection. The virus may cause severe, dehydrating diarrhea in young children and, in untreated cases, lead to death. The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding Rotavirus Prevention and its vaccination among medical workers in Rukiga district Methodology: A total of 263 health workers were selected through random sampling. A structured and validated questionnaire was used. Questions about knowledge, attitude and practices were collected and verified on scale. Descriptive statistics were presented; multivariable regression analysis was done to determine the correlation of knowledge, attitude level, and practices with socio demographic variables such as age, sex and education. The p value≤0.05 considered was statistically significant. Findings: 118(47.14%) had adequate knowledge, 164(66.138%) positive attitude and 102(41.1%) appropriate practices on the Rotavirus diarrhoea prevention. Knowledge, attitude level and practices were increased significantly with increasing age, sex and education. After controlling for variables in the multivariable regression model, age, sex and education were the significant factors in determining the scores on knowledge, attitude and practices. About the knowledge. Age (β=4.15, p<0.001), sex (β=3.012, p=0.001) and education level (β=14.04, p<0.038), then attitude, age (β=4.32, p<0.001), sex (β=0.015, p=0.003) and education level (β=0.021, p<0.001) while for practices, age (β=0.021, p<0.001). Similarly, sex (β=0.022, p<0.001), education level (β=0.136, p=0.006). Generally, there was inadequate knowledge, positive attitude and inappropriate practices amongst the respondents on Rotavirus diarrhoea prevention in Rukiga District. Recommendations: Rukiga District needs to train, mentor and coach the health workers on prevention of Rotavirus including vaccination in order to have increased knowledge level, positive attitude and appropriate actions
Determinants for Effective Nutritional Counselling on Prognosis of Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Paediatric HIV/AIDS Positive Patients Conducted at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
(East African Journal of Health and Science, 2023) Abigaba, Emily; Aheisibwe, Irene
This study evaluated the determinants of effective nutritional counselling on the prognosis of moderate acute malnutrition in Paediatric HIV/AIDS patients at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital. This study used pre- and post study design, which measured the occurrence of an outcome of interest using specific values in a group of participants before and after the intervention; it was conducted among 157 paediatric HIV/AIDS patients at Hoima RRH, western Uganda. Data were obtained from all the participants using a questionnaire, and focus group discussion was analysed using Stata 17. The findings reveal that of the 157 paediatric HIV/AIDS patients studied, 67.5% improved after nutritional counselling. Paediatric HIV/AIDS patients aged ≥ 60 months (p = 0.009), caretakers whose occupations other than peasantry (p = 0.021), and attendance to ≥ 3 nutritional counselling sessions (p = 0.004) were associated with a higher likelihood of improvement after nutritional counselling with a significant increase in Body Mass Index of (p = 0.007). Thus, the majority of Paediatric HIV/AIDS patients indicated a significant improvement in prognosis after nutritional counselling and being aged ≥ 60 months, having an attendance of ≥ 3 sessions and having a caretaker’s occupation other than peasantry determined the effectiveness of nutritional counselling. The study concludes that there is a need to routinely refer Paediatric HIV/AIDS patients with moderate acute malnutrition for nutritional counselling
Factors Affecting Acceptability of Blood Donation Exercises in Rural Areas Compared to Urban Centers in Mbarara District
(International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, 2023) Agaba, Ellon; Laban, Waswa Bright; Atukunda, Gershom
Introduction:The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that blood donation by 1% of the total population is generally the minimum needed to meet a nation’s most basic blood requirements The study was about the factors affecting acceptability of blood donation exercises in rural compared to urban areas in Mbarara District. The objectives of the study were; to find out the individual factors, establish environmental factors, and investigate the cultural factors influencing the acceptability of blood donation in rural and urban areas in Mbarara district. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional study design, descriptive and analytical in nature involving both quantitative and qualitative approaches to data collection and analysis. The population of study were perceived blood donors in Mbarara district from which a sample size of 384 perceived blood donors were recruited. Of the 384 respondents, 192 were gotten from rural areas and 192 were from urban areas in Mbarara District. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine associations between acceptability of blood donations and the independent variables i.e., individual factors environmental and cultural factors. Results:384 participants recruited in this study. Of these, 192 were recruited from rural area and 192 recruited from urban centers.The study findings revealed that the individual factors affecting acceptability of blood donation exercise in rural and urban areas in Mbarara District were blood donation experience of 4-6 years (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI = 1.22 – 1.36, P =0.004) and household decision making by the husband (AOR=0.15, 95% CI = 0.03 – 0.78, P = 0.024). Topography of place of residence (AOR=0.18, 95% CI = 0.03-0.94, P=0.043), mode/means of transport (AOR=0.48, 95% CI = 0.10-0.22, P<0.001), and distance to blood donation points (AOR = 0.157, 95% CI = 0.69 – 0.36, P < 0.001) were the environmental factors affecting blood donation exercises in both rural and urban areas. The results finally revealed no significant association between cultural factors (religion, culture, social norms) and acceptability of blood donation exercises in both rural and urban areas. Conclusions:Blood donation experience of 4-6 years and household decision making by the husband are individual factors affecting acceptability of blood donation exercise in rural and urban areas in Mbarara District. Topography of place of residence, mode/means of transport, and distance to blood donation points the environmental factors affecting blood donation exercises in both rural and urban areas. No significant association between cultural factors (religion, culture, social norms) and acceptability of blood donation exercises in both rural and urban areas. Recommendations:The ministry of health in collaboration with other stakeholders such as the Uganda Red Cross Society and Uganda Blood Transfusion Service should intensify blood donation sensitization campaigns so as to encourage more people to voluntarily donated blood from where they can acquire blood donation experience. Additionally, the sensitization campaigns of these stakeholders should also target husbands to allow their wives to make personal choices and decisions regarding blood donation. The ministry of health in collaboration with other stakeholders such as the Uganda Red Cross Society and Uganda Blood Transfusion Service should set up more blood collection points in different areas so as to ease movement of potential blood donors to the nearest blood collection points. This would also help to minimize geographical barriers to acceptability of blood donation. Finally, blood transfusion services across Africa should consider designing additional culturally appropriate interventions to boost blood donation. Such interventions must take into account the languages spoken by the target audience and the types of myths about blood donation to be demystified
Determinants for Effective Nutritional Counselling on Prognosis of Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Paediatric HIV/AIDS Positive Patients Conducted at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
(East African Journal of Health and Science, 2023) Abigaba, Emily; Aheisibwe, Irene
This study evaluated the determinants of effective nutritional counselling on the prognosis of moderate acute malnutrition in Paediatric HIV/AIDS patients at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital. This study used pre- and post study design, which measured the occurrence of an outcome of interest using specific values in a group of participants before and after the intervention; it was conducted among 157 paediatric HIV/AIDS patients at Hoima RRH, western Uganda. Data were obtained from all the participants using a questionnaire, and focus group discussion was analysed using Stata 17. The findings reveal that of the 157 paediatric HIV/AIDS patients studied, 67.5% improved after nutritional counselling. Paediatric HIV/AIDS patients aged ≥ 60 months (p = 0.009), caretakers whose occupations other than peasantry (p = 0.021), and attendance to ≥ 3 nutritional counselling sessions (p = 0.004) were associated with a higher likelihood of improvement after nutritional counselling with a significant increase in Body Mass Index of (p = 0.007). Thus, the majority of Paediatric HIV/AIDS patients indicated a significant improvement in prognosis after nutritional counselling and being aged ≥ 60 months, having an attendance of ≥ 3 sessions and having a caretaker’s occupation other than peasantry determined the effectiveness of nutritional counselling. The study concludes that there is a need to routinely refer Paediatric HIV/AIDS patients with moderate acute malnutrition for nutritional counselling
WORK-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS FROM GENDER PERSPECTIVE AMONG STAFF OF BISHOP STUART UNIVERSITY
(Bishop Stuart University, 2023) Alex, Ogbe; Kazibwe, Francis; Anne, Otwine Tweheyo
In this work, various work-related musculoskeletal disorders were conscientiously studied from a gender perspective among the staff of Bishop Stuart University. A total of 112 staff members consented to participate in the study. 62 were females and 50 were males. The majority of our participants were within the age range of 30-39. The academic staff were 68 and the non-academic staff were 44. The Krejcie and Morgan Table of 1970 was used to determine the sample size. The supporting staff members, visiting lecturers, and part-time staff were excluded from the study. The study was cross sectional and the tool of data collection was Self structured, validated questionnaire. The data collection exercise lasted for 6 weeks, after which the collected data were analysed with SPSS version 25. The results revealed Low back pain, blurred vision, upper back pain, neck pain and shoulder/wrist pain were the common work-related musculoskeletal disorders suffered by the staff members. The study findings revealed that more male academic staff members suffered from work-related musculoskeletal disorders than their female counterparts. Conversely, the result of the study showed also that among the non-academic staff, there were more female sufferers of work-related musculoskeletal disorders than their male counterparts. Nevertheless, it was also noted that there was a concatenation of factors among other things that brought about the work-related musculoskeletal disorders, among staff members judging from Ergonomics standpoint. Such concatenation of factors was poor ergonomic knowledge application at workstation practices, lack of orientation on ergonomics, ergonomically designed working environment, etc.
Depression and Suicidal Ideations among Older Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Mbarara City, Southwest Uganda
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2023) Mutambi Amanyire, Jordan; Aheisibwe, Irene; Kaggwa, Mark Mohan
Background: Due to the increase in longevity and use of antiretroviral treat ment, Uganda has had a growing population of older persons living with HIV/AIDS. However, there is a paucity of information on the mental health of the elderly living with HIV/AIDS. In this cross-sectional study, we deter mined the prevalence of, and associated factors for depression and suicidal ideation among older persons living with HIV/AIDS in Mbarara city, south west Uganda. Methods: Older persons (150 females, 115 males), with mean age = 64.2 (±5.1) years, accessing health services from three purposively se lected HIV/AIDS care centers in Mbarara city, southwest Uganda were re cruited. Data on depression and suicidal ideation were collected using a Pa tient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) validated in Uganda, and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on clinical and socio-demographic characteristics. Data were analysed using logistic regression. Results: Ap proximately 8.3% and 12.1% had depression and suicidal ideation, respec tively. The factors associated with lowering the likelihood of depression were: an increase in the number of family members they stayed with and having no having any problems with their ARVs. On the other hand, earning more than 100,000 Uganda shillings was associated with reducing the risk of suicidal ideations among the participants. Conclusion: Approximately 8 to 12 in 100 older persons living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda have experienced depression or suicidal ideation. Family support and financial control were instrumental factors associated with depression and suicidal ideations, respectively. We recommended strengthening family structures and creating more avenues for financial independence among older persons living with HIV/AIDS to reduce the burden of depression, and suicidal behaviours among this vulnerable popu lation.
An Exploration of the Lived Experiences of Maltreated Children and Caregivers in Southwestern Uganda
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2023-11) Mpairwe, Anthony; Bahati, Ronald; Ainomugisha, Andrew; Ainamani, Herbert Elvis
Background: Child maltreatment poses a great danger to the lives of child ren. This is because its impacts do not only stop in their childhood but also later into adulthood. Child maltreatment has been generally known to refer to physical, emotional, child neglect, and sexual abuse. In many contexts, child ren are taken to be minors and considered not to be aware of the various maltreatments they may be exposed to by their caregivers and strangers. This study therefore sought to explore the lived experiences of maltreated children in Sheema District and Mbarara City in South Western Uganda. Methods: We conducted 8 key informant interviews with government civil servants and 6 with officials of civil society organizations carrying out child protection work. Again, 6 Focus group discussions were conducted with children. The study participants were purposively selected because of the knowledge they had about the study topic. They were interviewed through audio recordings and their views were transcribed verbatim where thematic analysis was used. Results: The results hinged on four themes namely child neglect (expressed in terms of absentee parents/fathers), emotional abuse (reflected in terms of abusive language and words that shame or harm children) and physical abuse (expressed through corporal punishments and sexual abuse). Conclusions: Maltreated children go through a lot of emotional torture, physical harm, sexual abuse and neglect. We recommend interventions geared towards mitigating child maltreatment and its effects be propagated for wholistic and complete healthy child development
An Assessment of the Factors Affecting Utilization of Focused Antenatal Care at Mbaare Health Centre III, Isingiro District
(Bishop Stuart University, 2021-09) Akankwasa, Johnson
Background: Focused Antenatal care is an effective health intervention for averting maternal morbidity and mortality. Although there has been progressed improvement in antenatal care and access in Uganda, the use of FANC services remains low. The study was on the assessment of the factors affecting utilization of focused antenatal care at Mbaare Health Centre III Isingiro District. The specific objectives were to; determine socio-demographic, cultural behavioral, and health facility-based factors affecting the utilization of focused antenatal care services. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches for data capture and analysis. Information was captured from 359 women attending ANC using questionnaires and interviews. Data were analyzed using STATA version 13 to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: the study found out main socio-demographic factors associated with the utilization of FANC services included level of education [AOR = 2.624; (95% CI: 1.056 – 6.516); p = 0.038], marital status [AOR = 0.47; (95% CI: 0.275 – 0.804); p = 0.006], and employment [AOR = 1.58; (95% CI: 1.014 – 2.46); p = 0.043] The study also identified tribe [AOR = 1.71; (95% CI: 1.11 – 2.641); p = 0.016] as the main cultural obstacle to FANC service utilization at the Health Centre. The study further identified poor behavior of the health workers [AOR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.302 – 0.851; p = 0.01], long waiting time at the facility [AOR = 2.013; 95% CI: 1.12 – 3.62; p = 0.019] and un-flexible clinical hours [AOR = 2.72; 95% CI: 1.52 – 4.851; p = .001] as the main health facility based factors that affect utilization of focused antenatal care services. Conclusion: as a result of the significant results, the study concludes that there are different socio-demographic, cultural behavioral, and health facility-based factors associated with the utilization rate of FANC services at Mbaare Health Centre III Isingiro District. Therefore, the study recommends Ministry of Health increases regular community sensitization campaigns to ensure greater awareness of the importance of ANC services among the vulnerable groups. It also recommends behavior change strategies through behavior change campaigns at the community level to provide a platform for both the health care workers to learn about the perceptions of women to get to know them better and also to use that opportunity to educate women on the benefits of FANC services.
FACTORS INFLUENCING ADHERENCE TO IRON AND FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION BY PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATALCARE IN RUBANDA DISTRICT, SOUTH WESTERN-UGANDA.
(Bishop Stuart University, 2023-02) TURANZOMWE, STUART
Background: Globally, about 40% of pregnant women have anaemia. Pregnant women are at high risk of iron and folic acid deficiency anaemia due to increased nutrient requirement during pregnancy. Iron/folic acid supplementation with optimal adherence is the main cost effective strategy for prevention of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. However, there remains poor adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation in pregnancy in many countries especially low-income countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of adherence and the factors influencing adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Rubanda district, south western-Uganda. Methodology: A multi-Health facility based Observational and descriptive cross-sectional study was done. 172 pregnant mothers attending antenatal clinic in six selected health facilities in Rubanda district were enrolled in this study between December 2021 to March 2022. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to study the participant characteristics and logistic regression was used to identify the factors influencing adherence to iron and folic acid supplements. Results: The majority of women were aged between 20-29 years (57.56%), married (94.77%) and unemployed (80.23%). More than half of the respondents (62.21%, 95% CI 54.89%-69.53%) had taken at least 80% of the prescribed iron and folic acid tablets. This reflected good adherence level. Factors independently influencing adherence included maternal age below 20 years (aOR 3.83, 95% CI 1.12-13.08, p-value 0.032), age between 20- 29 years (aOR=4.86, 95%CI: 2.03-11.63, pvalue <0.001), adherence partner (aOR=2.82, 95%CI: 1.34-5.91, pvalue <0.001) and being counselled on importance of iron and folic acid tablets (aOR=4.42, 95%CI: 2.08-9.42, p-value <0.001). Conclusion and Recommendations: In Rubanda district, approximately six in every ten pregnant women adhere to iron and folic acid supplemntation. Intensive counselling during xiii antenatal care about the importance of iron and folic acid supplements should be done on a daily basis with particular attention to women aged 30 years and above.
Factors Affecting Acceptability of Blood Donation Exercises in Rural Areas Compared to Urban Centers in Mbarara District
(International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, 2023-09) Agaba, Ellon; Atukunda, Gershom; Bright Laban, Waswa
Introduction:The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that blood donation by 1% of the total population is generally the minimum needed to meet a nation’s most basic blood requirements The study was about the factors affecting acceptability of blood donation exercises in rural compared to urban areas in Mbarara District. The objectives of the study were; to find out the individual factors, establish environmental factors, and investigate the cultural factors influencing the acceptability of blood donation in rural and urban areas in Mbarara district. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional study design, descriptive and analytical in nature involving both quantitative and qualitative approaches to data collection and analysis. The population of study were perceived blood donors in Mbarara district from which a sample size of 384 perceived blood donors were recruited. Of the 384 respondents, 192 were gotten from rural areas and 192 were from urban areas in Mbarara District. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine associations between acceptability of blood donations and the independent variables i.e., individual factors environmental and cultural factors. Results:384 participants recruited in this study. Of these, 192 were recruited from rural area and 192 recruited from urban centers.The study findings revealed that the individual factors affecting acceptability of blood donation exercise in rural and urban areas in Mbarara District were blood donation experience of 4-6 years (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI = 1.22 – 1.36, P =0.004) and household decision making by the husband (AOR=0.15, 95% CI = 0.03 – 0.78, P = 0.024). Topography of place of residence (AOR=0.18, 95% CI = 0.03-0.94, P=0.043), mode/means of transport (AOR=0.48, 95% CI = 0.10-0.22, P<0.001), and distance to blood donation points (AOR = 0.157, 95% CI = 0.69 – 0.36, P < 0.001) were the environmental factors affecting blood donation exercises in both rural and urban areas. The results finally revealed no significant association between cultural factors (religion, culture, social norms) and acceptability of blood donation exercises in both rural and urban areas. Conclusions:Blood donation experience of 4-6 years and household decision making by the husband are individual factors affecting acceptability of blood donation exercise in rural and urban areas in Mbarara District. Topography of place of residence, mode/means of transport, and distance to blood donation points the environmental factors affecting blood donation exercises in both rural and urban areas. No significant association between cultural factors (religion, culture, social norms) and acceptability of blood donation exercises in both rural and urban areas. Recommendations:The ministry of health in collaboration with other stakeholders such as the Uganda Red Cross Society and Uganda Blood Transfusion Service should intensify blood donation sensitization campaigns so as to encourage more people to voluntarily donated blood from where they can acquire blood donation experience. Additionally, the sensitization campaigns of these stakeholders should also target husbands to allow their wives to make personal choices and decisions regarding blood donation. The ministry of health in collaboration with other stakeholders such as the Uganda Red Cross Society and Uganda Blood Transfusion Service should set up more blood collection points in different areas so as to ease movement of potential blood donors to the nearest blood collection points. This would also help to minimize geographical barriers to acceptability of blood donation. Finally, blood transfusion services across Africa should consider designing additional culturally appropriate interventions to boost blood donation. Such interventions must take into account the languages spoken by the target audience and the types of myths about blood donation to be demystified.
Predictors of in-hospital mortality among under-five children with severe acute malnutrition in South-Western Uganda
(PLOS ONE, 2020) Nduhukire, Timothy; Atwine, Daniel; Rachel, Luwaga; Byonanebye, Joseph E.
Background Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) affects about 13 million under-five children (U5), with an estimated one million dying every year. In this study we aimed at determining the in hospital mortality and its associated factors among U5s admitted with SAM. Methods This was a prospective cohort study of children 6 months to 5 years with SAM admitted at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) between June and August 2015. Care-takers were interviewed to collect socio-demographic and clinical information. Children under-went physical examination and had blood drawn for HIV, serum glucose, malaria, full blood count, culture and serum electrolytes investigation. Children were managed according to WHO treatment guidelines for SAM. All participants were followed up for a maximum period of 30 days. The proportion of U5 deaths within the first 48 hours and during the entire admission period was calculated. Using Poisson regression analysis, predictors of in-hospital mortality were analyzed with STATA/IC 11.0. Results We enrolled 122 children, median age of 15 months [IQR:11–24], 58.2% males, 90% immu nized, 81% ill for more than 2 weeks before admission, 71% from lower health facilities and majority with unknown HIV status(76%). Overall, 13 (10.7%) children died in hospital. Seven (5.7%) died within the first 48 hours. Intravenous (IV) fluid administration significantly pre dicted in-hospital mortality (adjusted IRR: 7.2, 95%CI: 2.14–24.08, p = 0.001). Conclusion The in-hospital mortality in U5s with SAM was lower than that previously reported in central Uganda. Intravenous fluid administration significantly predicted overall in-hospital mortality. While Administration of intravenous fluids is still the main stay of managing severely malnourished children with shock, more research needs to be conducted in order to review the parameters presently used to assess children for shock with a view of diagnosing and managing shock in these children when it is still early. Adequate guidance on use of IV fluids in management of severely malnourished children should be prioritized during continuous medical education for healthcare workers and in the treatment guidelines.

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