Department of Languages, Literature and Media studies Collections

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An Examination of Post-Independence Failures in Uganda as Represented in Moses Isegawa’s Abyssinian Chronicles
(2024) Kyarimpa Ndamira, Joan; Kyarimpa, Jovuret
Postcolonial crisis, failures, confusion, absurdities and pain have continued to provoke debate in Ugandan literature. Poets, dramatists and novelists have all tried to reveal the effects of colonialism on Africa and written about the selfishness, tyranny, dictatorship and corruption of the post-independence leaders of colonial powers. Moses Isegawa’s novel Abyssinian Chronicles is one of those works of art that interweaves personal narratives and issues of post- independence pain, failures and confusion in postcolonial Uganda. The novel tells a story of the arbitrariness of the life of characters due to the selfishness, incompetence, inadequacies and hypocrisy of the first generation of leaders after colonialism. In this paper, we argue that the failures of the post-independence regimes had far reaching consequences on the individuals, family and society at large. However, the eventual triumph of the protagonist signifies the unwavering African spirit that endures to the end. Qualitative research approach. Textual analysis methodology was used to come up with the findings. Post-colonial theory tenets were applied for a better understanding of the primary text.
Depiction of Exile as dispossession in Leila Aboulela’s Minaret (2005)
(East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023) Kyomuhendo, Sarah
Exile as a key feature in Leila Aboulela’s Minaret (2005). Also prevalent is the theme of dispossession in exile. This article discusses the experiences of exiles in Leila Aboulela’s (2005) Minaret; it investigates the depiction of exile as dispossession in the mentioned novel. It traces why and how exile becomes a subject of dispossession due to the undesirable but sometimes inevitable experiences associated with exile. The study was premised on the postcolonial theory – which seeks to deconstruct the legacy of colonialism and is concerned with the impact of European imperialism on both the colonised and coloniser. Texts based on this theory were used to analyse the novel under study. The data was obtained by a close reading of the primary texts along with secondary texts from the internet and others in print. A textual checklist was used to guide and organise the data collection stage. The study found that forms of dispossession include displacement and rootlessness, identity crisis, cultural loss, and Islamophobia. It was seen that most of these forms were a result of the attitudes and structures that were developed during European imperialism and have been perpetrated by the imbalance of power that existed between the colonisers and the colonised. It was also revealed that these negative experiences are brought about by a cultural and power dynamic that makes an exile an outsider and inferior in society; the exile, thus (exiles), lacks representation and a voice. This hinders the integration into the new society and leaves an exile without a concrete sense of belonging or identity.
The Depiction of Modes of Parenting in Moses Isegawa’s Abyssinian Chronicles
(East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023) Mugume, Collins
This article examines the portrayal of the modes of parenting in Moses Isegawa’s Abyssinian Chronicles (2000). There are various forms of parenting according to scholars like Diana Baumrid. I put my modes of parenting into two categories; cruel parenting and good and caring parenting. I also argue that the community plays a lot in parenting. Therefore, I interrogate how the community parents the children in the text. In my discussion, I show that parenting moves and surpasses being a role for just biological parents and moves to all members of the community and therefore, my judgment of parenting does not just concern biological parents but concerns all those who play a role in a child’s upbringing. I also bring out the fact that a person’s adult behaviour is influenced by the kind of parenting he/she faced as a child. All this is discussed as I take a close look at the narrative techniques that Isegawa uses to depict the modes of parenting that I discuss
Depictions of Domestic Violence in John Ruganda’s Plays
(Bishop Stuart University, 2023-01) Joan, Turyahebwa
The research thesis set out to examine domestic violence in four of John Ruganda’s plays; The Burdens (1972), Black Mamba (1973), The Floods (1980) and Shreds of Tenderness (2001). The study examines the different forms and causes of domestic violence in the four plays. It further analyses the different literary devices that Ruganda employs and how he effectively uses these devices in his four plays to depict domestic violence. The study deploys the Russian Formalism theory and the sociological literary theory to assist in the analysis of literary devices employed to make domestic violence meaningful and realistic and to contextualise domestic violence in the society where it exists. The research is guided by three objectives of the study. The first objective is to identify the different forms of domestic violence as identified in John Ruganda’s plays. This study established that domestic violence occurred in many forms, including physical aggression or assault (hitting, kicking, biting, shoving, restraining, kidnapping, unlawful imprisonment, trespassing, harassment), or threats thereof; sexual abuse, emotional abuse, controlling or domineering, intimidation, stalking, passive|covert abuse (neglect), and economic deprivation. John Ruganda’s The Burdens expresses most forms of violence stipulated in the research study but physical assault stands out. The Second is to establish the causes of domestic violence as depicted in the selected plays of John Ruganda. This study discovered that the bit of culture that accentuates domestic violence is inheritance. In Black Mamba unlike in The Floods has a twist in as far as the economic factors play a role in the cause of domestic violence. The economic factors also were found to play a significant role in the cases of domestic violence, this includes women’s economic dependence on men, limited access to cash and credit, discriminatory laws regarding inheritance, property rights, use of communal lands and maintenance after divorce or widowhood, limited access to employment in formal and informal sectors, and limited access to education and training for women. The legal causes include lesser legal status of women either by written law by practice, inheritance, legal definition of rape and domestic abuse, low level of legal literacy among women, and insensitive treatment of women and girls. This is constantly portrayed in all the selected plays.
An Examination of Post-Independence Failures in Uganda as Represented in Moses Isegawa’s Abyssinian Chronicles
(Journal of Development, Education and Technology, 2024) Kyarimpa Ndamira, Joan; Kyarimpa, Jovuret
Postcolonial crisis, failures, confusion, absurdities and pain have continued to provoke debate in Ugandan literature. Poets, dramatists and novelists have all tried to reveal the effects of colonialism on Africa and written about the selfishness, tyranny, dictatorship and corruption of the post-independence leaders of colonial powers. Moses Isegawa’s novel Abyssinian Chronicles is one of those works of art that interweaves personal narratives and issues of post- independence pain, failures and confusion in postcolonial Uganda. The novel tells a story of the arbitrariness of the life of characters due to the selfishness, incompetence, inadequacies and hypocrisy of the first generation of leaders after colonialism. In this paper, we argue that the failures of the post-independence regimes had far reaching consequences on the individuals, family and society at large. However, the eventual triumph of the protagonist signifies the unwavering African spirit that endures to the end. Qualitative research approach. Textual analysis methodology was used to come up with the findings. Post-colonial theory tenets were applied for a better understanding of the primary text.
Female Genital Mutilation in Mary Karooro Okurut’s The Switch
(East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023) Akambangira, Grace
This article explores the representations of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Mary Karooro Okurut’s The Switch (2016). In this article, I investigate why the fictional communities depicted in the selected novel engage in FGM practice. The key method used to obtain data is a close reading of the primary text. The secondary texts of both print and electronic forms from relevant works were also consulted. The data was collected with the guidance of the research objective. The study involved the examination of documents guided by a textual checklist as the major research instrument. This study adopted the cultural feminist literary theory. In the study, I discover that different communities engage in FGM as a way to regulate their women’s sexual behaviour and as a norm to transform them from childhood to adulthood. The author has tactfully used techniques like diction, setting and description among others to clearly bring out her message
Female Genital Mutilation in Mary Karooro Okurut’s The Switch
(East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023) Grace, Akambangira
This article explores the representations of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Mary Karooro Okurut’s The Switch (2016). In this article, I investigate why the fictional communities depicted in the selected novel engage in FGM practice. The key method used to obtain data is a close reading of the primary text. The secondary texts of both print and electronic forms from relevant works were also consulted. The data was collected with the guidance of the research objective. The study involved the examination of documents guided by a textual checklist as the major research instrument. This study adopted the cultural feminist literary theory. In the study, I discover that different communities engage in FGM as a way to regulate their women’s sexual behaviour and as a norm to transform them from childhood to adulthood. The author has tactfully used techniques like diction, setting and description among others to clearly bring out her message
Impact of Cultural Attachment on Intention to Drop Out of School in Public Primary Schools
(East African Journal of Education Studies, 2022) Robert, Agume; Enoch, Barigye; Irene, Aheisibwe
Intention to drop out of school and consequential child dropout due to cultural attachment, particularly among cattle keepers is a global challenge in various contextual settings. The study investigated the contributions of cultural attachment on intention to drop out of school in the primary schools in the Kazo district. Analytical cross-sectional design using a quantitative approach was conducted in January 2022 among 338 children in primary six and primary seven in the six public primary schools in Kazo district. Pearson product-moment correlations and linear regression were conducted using Stata 15. The study findings were that cultural attachment had a moderate positive impact on intention to drop out of school in the primary schools in Kazo district (r = .0.10, p =.242) and explained only 1% of the variance of intention to drop out of school in the primary schools in Kazo district (r2 = .01). Therefore, various cultural attachment influence intention to drop out of school. Strategies for cultural attachment are paramount.
Learners’ Classroom Engagement and Upper Primary Learners’ Achievement in English In Selected Primary Schools of Bukoto West, Lwengo District
(American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS), 2024) Annet Busingye; Dr. Sudi Balimutajjo; Enoch Barigye
Effective learners‘ class room engagement determines learners‘ achievement in most case as this has been studied and confirmed by many researchers. This study looked at how the learners‘ class room engagement is related to the learners‘ achievement in selected upper Primary schools in Bukoto West, Lwengo District. It was anchored on specific objectives of; examining the level of learners‘ engagement in primary school, assessing learners‘ achievement in primary schools and finally testing the hypothesis that; there is no statistically significant relationship between class engagement and learners‘ achievement in primary schools. The study adopted a correlational research design with both quantitative and qualitative approach of data collection and analysis. Participants were selected using simple random sampling and others using purposive sampling. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data from respondent where all ethical considerations were fully observed and considered in this study. The present undertaking found out that the level of learners engagement in their class rooms are very high and that this helps them to understand and conceptualize more what they are being taught by their teachers, the study also found out that learners in upper primary school achieve better grades(D1-D2) in good numbers in end of term exams compared to beginning of term and mid-term exams, the study also revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between learners‘ class room engagement and learners‘ achievement in English in selected upper Primary schools. This led to the rejection of the null hypothesis of the study. The study concluded that; primary school learners engage more in their classrooms and this helps them to understand more what their teacher teaches following the new curriculum which is learner centered to create innovation and creativity as part of practicability, learners‘ achievement is based on the time of assessment whereby the learners pass with good grades at the end of the term compared to the exams that are done at the beginning and in the middle of the term, learners‘ class room engagement has a strong positive relationship with learners‘ achievement in primary schools.
Linguistic Deviation and Parallelism in Timothy Wangusa’s Poetry
(BISHOP STUART UNIVERSITY., 2023) Arineitwe Evaristo
This study is on linguistic deviation and parallelism in Wangusa’s poetry. The selection of this research topic is informed by the fact that for all Wangusa’s craft especially with regard to his practical language, vi there are virtually few studies on his works which is the gap that this study intends to fill. This study set out to assess the use of different linguistic deviations to create novelty and beauty and the use of different forms of linguistic parallelism to foreground or emphasize the message in Wangusa’s poetry. Besides, it sets out to answer the following research questions: How does Wangusa use different linguistic deviations to create novelty and beauty in his two selected poetry collections? How does Wangusa use parallelism to foreground /emphasize the message in his two poetry collections? The theoretical framework used was from Russian Formalism especially the tenets/strands of defamiliarization and estrangement which sought to interrogate the way Wangusa communicates his message in quite novel ways. This study, being qualitative in nature, employed a descriptive research design. It was found out that deviant parts of a poem ‘stick out’ of the background thereby foregrounding the poet’s message. It was found out that indeed, Wangusa uses deviation and parallelism on several occasions in his two poetry collections with an intent to create a sense of newness (with regard to the way readers perceive it) and foreground his message. The study concluded that Wangusa uses linguistic deviation and parallelism to create artistic beauty and emphasize his message in the two poetry collections at different linguistic levels. This study recommends that a thorough study be carried out on Timothy Wangusa’s use of sound structure and devices in his poetry collections. Also, this study recommends that a thorough comparative study be conducted on the poetry of Wangusa vis-à-vis that of other Ugandan poets of the same generation.
Morphological Deviation in Africa’s New Brood by Timothy Wangusa
(East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023) Arineitwe Evaristo
This article attempts to examine the use of morphological deviation as a style of foregrounding in Timothy Wangusa’s poetry. Besides, the researcher used the theory of defamiliarization proposed by Viktor Shyklovsky throughout the study. That the theory emphasizes the use of poetic devices makes it an apt one as this very study is on morphological deviation (which is used as a poetic device to achieve emphasis/foregrounding). The researcher used a qualitative approach in this study. The researcher also employed textual analysis method in the process of analysing data in form of poems from Africa’s New Brood. A description of the variable(s) was also given to explicate and make sense of the subject under study which is morphological deviation. The results of the findings from the data analysed prove that Wangusa uses morphological deviation to emphasize his message, shock, or surprise readers (estrangement) and create mood in his poetry. This study recommends that studies be carried out on Wangusa’s use of deviation of register.
Mtaala Mpya na Utendaji Wa Wanafunzi wa Kiswahili Katika Shule za Upili Mjini Mbarara
(2024) Murokozi, Cranimah
This research was about the impact of the new curriculum on the performance of Kiswahili students in secondary schools in Mbarara town. This study aimed to explain how the new curriculum is implemented in schools, identify the challenges faced by Kiswahili students and teachers in the teaching of the new curriculum and clarify the ways used to address the challenges posed by the new curriculum. In this study, the researcher will be inspired by the theory of learning discovery. This theory was developed by Bruner (1966). According to Bruner, the theory of cognitive learning holds that it is good for students to learn by relating what is being taught to the context of reality. The use of materials in teaching and learning can bring realism and thus guide students to innovate on their own and make grammar easier faster. This research will be conducted because it is believed that when the new curriculum is used in an efficient manner, it can improve the teaching and learning of Kiswahili in secondary schools. The research approach in this work will be descriptive. The researcher will be carefully explaining, explaining, reviewing, innovating, conducting experiments, interpreting the information he will obtain through this study design. The researcher went to the field to conduct interviews with the respondents as well as disseminating the arguments. In total the researcher had 90 respondents. This figure was achieved by appointing 4 Kiswahili teachers and 26 Kiswahili students from each school so a total of 90 researchers will be selected from three schools. This research required 90 respondents. Research of this kind strongly emphasizes the use of accurate measurements and data analysis using data available in the field through interviews, and arguments. This kind of research can also be done by analyzing existing data statistics without going to the field. However, according to this study, the researcher will go to the field to collect data that he analysed. This research concluded that the new Kiswahili curriculum is closely related to the academic performance of Kiswahili literature students. However, to effectively implement the new curriculum, it is the responsibility of headteachers, teachers, parents, students, the government, and the central curriculum authority to come together with a common goal. It suggested that the Ministry of Education should ensure that teachers receive additional education regarding the changes in the new curriculum to acquire the skills and abilities to teach effectively. When teachers receive extra education, they gain skills and enthusiasm for advancing the new curriculum, which results in improved exam performance for students because they receive proper guidance from their teachers. Perhaps school leaders should make efforts to ensure they have purchased textbooks and other materials, such as teacher guides that explain the textbooks.
The Relationship between Remuneration and Teacher Performance in Government-Aided Secondary Schools in Kasese District
(International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2020-12) Chrispo, Maali; Herbert, Elvis Ainamani; Adrian, Rwekaza Mwesigye
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between remuneration and teachers' performance in government aided secondary schools in Kasese District. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design with a quantitative approach to data collection and analysis. A sample size of 25 government-aided secondary schools was purposively adopted in this study in which 234 teachers were randomly selected to participate in this study. This study found out that there is a significant positive relationship between remuneration and performance of teachers in government-aided secondary schools in the Kasese district. Findings show that a significant number of teachers usually prepare schemes of work, utilize teaching aids, apply different methods of teaching, and assess learners in the teaching and learning process. It was concluded that remuneration predicts teachers' performance in the government aided secondary in Kasese District. The study recommends that education policymakers, implementers, and managers pay much attention to the remuneration packages for teachers in government-aided schools. This is hoped to improve teachers' performance in their preparation to teach, deliver, and assess the learners.
Representations of “The New Woman” in Changes and Our Sister Killjoy by Ama Ata Aidoo
(East African Journal of Education Studies, 2023) Barbra, Nyamwiza
This study explores the representations of “the new woman” in selected works by Ama Ata Aidoo, namely: Changes (1993), Our Sister Killjoy (1977), and Girl Who Can and Other Stories (1997). Ama Ata Aidoo addresses the conditions and needs of continental African women (African women who reside on the African continent) and points out key issues relating to discrimination and exclusion on the basis of sex and gender objectification, structural and economic inequality, power and oppression and gender roles and stereotypes. It reviews several studies carried out on works by Ama Ata Aidoo thus providing this study with the privilege of filling the gaps that were not addressed. It is finally noted that Aidoo does not agree with the view that the success of a woman should be gauged by her ability to get married and have children as emphasised by African tradition. To her, the success of women does not lie in their ability to reproduce but rather in becoming productive in other aspects that benefit humanity and promote the independence and progress of a nation. Aidoo clearly implies that for any nation to develop effectively the role of a woman must not be ignored. A woman has to join hands with the man in order to see a better nation, it should however be noted that the position of a woman in the contemporary world is still a hustle since it is proven through all the new woman characters that it is hard for women to live as single or divorced without enigma from the society
Representations of "The New Woman" in Selected Works by Ama Ata Aidoo
(Bishop Stuart University, 2023) Barbra, Nyamwiza
This study explores the representations of "the new woman" in selected works by Ama Ata Aidoo namely: Changes (1993), Our Sister Killjoy (1977), Girl Who Can and Other Stories (1997) and Diplomatic Pounds (2012). The study is basically a documentary type with a qualitative approach. It involves the critical and analytical reading of the selected texts of Ama Ata Aidoo in their representation of “the new woman”. The investigation makes use of the feminist literary theory and African feminism in particular, where specifically Ama Ata Aidoo addresses the conditions and needs of continental African women (African women who reside on the African continent) and points out key issues relating to discrimination and exclusion on the basis of sex and gender objectification, structural and economic inequality, power and oppression and gender roles and stereotypes. It reviews several studies carried out on works by Ama Ata Aidoo thus providing this study the privilege of filling the gaps that were not addressed. It scrutinizes several literary elements that effectively depict the old and new woman characters in the selected works by Aidoo. Findings are presented in two chapters, chapter two and three. Chapter two observes that Ama Ata Aidoo writes about the lives of women engaged in quests of self-exploration in Ghana and in their migrations abroad. It is finally noted that Aidoo does not agree to the view that the success of a woman should be gauged by her ability to get married and have children as emphasised by African tradition. To her, the success of women does not lie in their ability to reproduce but rather to become productive in other aspects that benefit humanity and promote independence and progress of a nation. Chapter three discusses the diverse narrative techniques Ama Ata Aidoo uses to depict the differences between the old and the new woman characters. It is noted that Aidoo uses a multiplicity of narrative techniques that create various shades of meaning in the interpretation of her fiction. Such techniques include juxtaposition, setting, use of female friendships or collective female solidarity, use of dialogue, commentator and or participatory character, and use of frame stories among others. All the issues pertaining to the beliefs, attitude and practices of the old and new woman characters are discussed with in the prospects of the feminist theory particularly the African feminist theory. Aidoo clearly implies that for any nation to develop effectively the role of a woman must not be ignored. A woman has to join hands with the man in order to see a better nation, it should however be noted that the position of a woman in the contemporary world is still a hustle since it is proven through all the new woman characters that it is hard for women to live as single or divorced without enigma from the society.
REPRESENTATIONS OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION IN NGUGI WA THIONG’O’s THE RIVER BETWEEN, HENRY OLE KULET’s BLOSSOMS OF THE SAVANNAH AND MARY KAROORO OKURUT’s THE SWITCH
(Bishop Stuart University, 2023-06) AKAMBANGIRA, GRACE
This study explores the representations of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s The River Between (1965), Henry Ole Kulet’s Blossoms of the Savannah (2008) and Mary Karooro Okurut’s The Switch (2016). In these three novels I explored the ways in which the authors variously represent different shades of the practice that has come to be known as FGM. I investigated why the fictional communities depicted in the selected novels engage in FGM practice and established how FGM affects characters individually and collectively. I also examined the narrative techniques the authors use to represent the practice and effects of FGM in the selected novels. The key method I used to obtain data is a close reading of the primary texts which included Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s The River Between (1965), Henry Ole Kulet’s Blossoms of the Savannah (2008) and Mary Karooro Okurut’s The Switch (2016). The secondary texts were also consulted both print and electronic from relevant works written by other scholars. I collected data with the guidance of the research objectives. The study involved the examination of documents guided by a textual checklist as the major research instrument. This study adopted the cultural feminist theory. In the study, I discover that different communities engage in FGM as a way to regulate their women’s sexual behaviour and as a norm to transform them from childhood to adulthood. Different individuals and communities are affected in different ways, some individuals have lost their lives while others though they may heal from physical wounds still undergo psychological trauma. The practice has also created space for diseases like cancer and fistula. Victims of such diseases usually have pus coming from their private parts especially in the advanced stage of infection acquired as a result of FGM. They die painful deaths due to mutilation of their female genitals. The authors have tactfully used techniques like diction, setting and description among others to clearly bring out their different messages. I recommend the human rights advocators to sensitize the communities on how best they can ably control female genital mutilation within families and NCDC (National Curriculum development Centre) should make the literary texts under study set books in order to sensitize the students on Female Genital Mutilation.
Social Demographic Characteristics and Teachers’ Performance in Government Aided Secondary Schools:
(International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2022-07) Maali, Chrispo; Herbert, Elvis Ainamani; Adrian, Mwesigye Rwekaza
In this study, we aimed at examining the association between social demographic characteristics of teachers and their performance in government-aided secondary school Kasese district southwestern Uganda. Using purposive and stratified for both schools and teachers in this quantitative study, we recruited 234 teachers from 25 government aided secondary in Kasese district southwestern Uganda Data was analysed using SPSS version 24, and presented using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Our findings indicate that social demographic characteristics of respondents such as gender, age and education levels are significant predictors of teachers’ performance in secondary schools of Kasese district southwestern Uganda. We conclude that some teachers’ social demographic characteristics have a significant influence on teachers’ performance in government-aided secondary schools with in Kasese district south western Uganda. We recommend that policy makers design the most appropriate interventions entailing human resource practices aimed at streamlining the needs of teachers from different demographic cohorts.
TEACHING RELIGION IN A SECULAR SWEDISH SCHOOL SYSTEM
(Bishop Stuart University, 2023-06) Mwesigwa, Fred Sheldon
Following my two-month research as an international Ugandan researcher in Sweden, I present an argument that the introduction of a non-confessional Religious Education in Sweden in 1919 and an objective and neutral education since 1962 had a key intention of de-linking teaching of religion from religious foundation bodies, in particular, the dominant Church of Sweden (Lutheran) and rendering it educational instead of confessional. In this paper, I will argue that, despite the subsequent birth of a secular Swedish society and the onset of a multicultural society, there was - and there continues to be a justification for the teaching of religion in schools. In my interview with two experts on Religious Education from the National Agency of Education, two teachers of Religious Education and eight students, they all responded positively to the question of the continued teaching of religion in secular Swedish society. However, in the paper, I will argue that there was or there is an inability of the curriculum and the teachers in some respects to do justice to the integrity of different religions. Based on earlier research and interviews, I’ll argue that despite the good intentions of having a neutral and objective multi-faith Religious Education (RE) curriculum in place, some text-books and teachers’ approaches raise questions on fairness to all religions. In particular, the interviews indicate that there are signs of “Immigrophobia” among some students, teachers and sections of the community. Notwithstanding, I will argue that since the findings reveal an overwhelming support for multi-faith RE by a secular population and being mindful of the increased multi-cultural society and signs of Immigrophobia6 , it is imperative that a careful choice of text books, especially on religions, other than Christianity, is done and special attention given to RE teachers to address the concept of fairness to all religions
The Portrayal of Female Agency in the Mary Karooro Okurut Novel, the Official Wife
(2024) Joan, Ahebwa
This article of the Portrayal of Female Agency in The Official Wife (2003) a novel by Mary Karooro Okurut. The article explores forms of female agency and the narrative techniques used to portray female agency in The Official Wife (2003). I classified the forms of female agency into three categories which include; bargaining and negotiation, subversion and resistance, deception and manipulation. I argue that it is these forms through which women show agency. Agency is a crucial matter of focus and I therefore employ a number of narrative styles implored to perfectly bring out the portrayals of female agency including; vivid descriptions, imagery, irony, alliteration, direct speech, dialogue, point of view, indirect speech and others. In the article, I argue that all females deserve to enjoy their freedom and rights like the males because they are both created in the image of God. Some of the female characters in The Official Wife are mistreated, tortured psychologically and treated as the weaker sex. In spite of the trauma, the main character identified as Liz in The Official Wife turns out to be resilient and outspoken due to the problems she encounters. In the article, I also bring out the fact that female characters develop agency as a result of trauma and crisis as according to Pointiere, Mathilinde (2021). Every female in the novel goes through a hardship before they show their abilities. And it is this much trauma that enables females to show off their agency. I further show that females in The Official Wife are resilient, spirited, elastic, irrepressible and outspoken because they do not use physical violence to obtain what they want. They rather use forms of female agency including; subversion and resistance, deception and manipulation through which they deceive and manipulate the people around them in many ways to achieve what they want. Female agency is therefore a crucial matter of focus and it contains three forms which aid women in becoming resilient and successful. All this is discussed as I take a close look at the forms of female agency and the narrative techniques Karooro uses to depict female agency.
Youth Aggressive Communication Behaviour During Elections in Uganda
(Bishop Stuart University, 2023) Prudence, Tukahirwa; John Baptist, Imokola
This study aimed at understanding the aggressive communication behavior of youth on Facebook during elections. The study traced the evolution of communication behavior from public spaces to the rise of mass media and the internet, particularly focusing on Facebook's increasing influence as a political space, to its manifestation in Uganda’s electoral process. Guided by the Communication Affordance Theory and Wolfsfeld's Political Contest Model, the study sought to understand how Facebook's affordances shaped youth engagement in electoral activities. The study followed a cross-sectional design to address the heterogeneity of the respondents in the fields of politics and social endeavors and employed a mixed method approach. Results show that during Uganda's 2021 presidential elections, there was a significant prevalence of aggressive communication behavior among the youth on Facebook. Cyberbullying, intimidation, and criticism were commonly observed. Recommendations were made to promote youth political engagement, discourage violent behavior, and provide opportunities for youth participation in governance. Aggressive communication was defined as a style where individuals violated the rights of others through verbal and non-verbal means.

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