Browsing by Author "Maud, Kamatenesi Mugisha"

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Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Rumex abyssinica Jacq. (Polygonaceae) and Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae)
(Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 2014-03-05) Maud, Kamatenesi Mugisha; James, Gakunga Ndukui; Agnes, Namutembi; Paul, Waako; Ann-Karl, Borg Karlson; Patrick, Vudriko
Rumex abyssinica Jacq. (Polygonaceae) is locally used in management of allergies and female reproductive healthcare; whereas Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae) is used to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory distress, dandruff, halitosis and malaria in Uganda. Owing to the paucity of data on their safety profiles, this study evaluated the acute and sub-acute toxicities of 70% ethanolic leaf extracts of both plants in mice and Wistar albino rats. The oral acute toxicity of both plants was evaluated in Swiss mice of 7 - 8 weeks old (16 - 22 g) body weight and LD50 determined. Sub-acute toxicity was evaluated in Wistar albino rats (6 per group) at dose rates of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg for 28 days. The LD50 of R. abyssinica and M. spicata in mice was 7727 mg/kg and 13,606 mg/kg body weight, respectively. General signs of toxicity due to large doses of both plants extract included hyperurination, abdominal muscle twitches and convulsions. In the sub-acute toxicity test, rats treated with both extracts did not exhibit any clinical signs of toxicity; no mortality and changes in body weight were observed. R. abyssinica did not cause significant changes in haematological indices, except a significant increase in HCT (p < 0.05). However, a dose dependant significant decrease in HCT (p < 0.05) and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the levels of WBC, LMY and MCHC were observed in rats treated with M. spicata extract. Biochemical test showed that both extracts caused a significant dose dependent increase (p < 0.05) in levels of ALT and ALP. Marked increase in the levels of AST was also observed in rats treated with M. spicata extract. Of the two extracts, only rats treated with R. abyssinica revealed congestion, hemorrhages and cellular infiltration in vital organs. In conclusion, the LD50 values of both plant extracts were above 5000 mg/kg suggesting that they are experimentally safe, thus justifying their use in traditional medicine. However, prolonged exposure to higher doses may cause observable alterations in histopathological, biochemical, and haematological parameters, particularly with R. abyssinica.
Documentation and consensus of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used by the local communities of western Uganda
(Scholars Research Library, 2014-04) Maud, Kamatenesi Mugisha; Hannington, Oryem-Origa; Savina, Asiimwe; Agnes, Namutebi; Anna-Karin, Borg-Karlsson
An ethnobotanical study was conducted to document the uses of medicinal plants among the local communities of western Uganda. The aim of the study was to identify and document plant species used for treatment of various ailments in the study areas, identify the commonly used plants, parts used, preparation and administration of herbal drugs. To find out the level of consensus or agreement between informants regarding the uses of plants for particular disease categories. Information on the plants was gathered between December 2010 and May 2011 from 124 informants using semi-structured interviews and discussions. For analysis of general use of plants, factor informant consensus (Fic) was used. The reported plants were collected and identified. The study revealed 231 plant species belonging to 72 families and 164 genera. These plants were used to treat various diseases and ailments grouped under 14 ailment categories, with the highest number of species (127) being used for gastrointestinal disorders followed by reproductive health disorders (75). The factor informant consensus highlighted low agreement in the use of plants. The highest Fic (0.61) was scored for the digestive problems, such as intestinal worms, stomachache and constipation. Aloe vera was used for malaria with the highest frequency of mention (26 mentions). Herbs (55%) were the main source of medicine followed by shrubs (18%). Leaves (65%) and roots (19%) were the main plant parts used in remedy preparation while decoction was the major form of preparation. Family Asteraceae accounted for 16% of the total species recorded. The majority of plants (53%) were harvested from wild habitats. The most important species according to their fidelity are Senna occidentalis (L.) Link for deworming, Aloe vera L. for malaria, Maytenus senegalensis (Lam) Exell for syphilis and Senecio hadiensis Forssk for miscarriages.The low consensus means the majority of informants do not agree or exchange information on the use of plant species and this may require bioactivity screening to justify the use for the reported ailments. The documented information regarding therapeutic uses provides basic data for further studies focused on pharmacological studies and conservation of the most important species.
Ethno-pharmacological screening of Vernonia amygdalina and Cleome gynandra traditionally used in Childbirth in Western Uganda
(NAPRECA Symposium Book of Proceedings, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 2013) Maud, Kamatenesi Mugisha; Hannington, Oryem-Origa; Olwa, Odyek; Dominic W, Makawiti
Over 80% of pregnant women in Western Uganda deliver at home with the assistance of mainly traditional birth attendants who use herbal remedies to complete the processes of child bearing in the rural communities. In Uganda, complications resulting from reproductive health related conditions such as maternal mortality and morbidity (20.4%) account for number one problem among the disease burden followed by malaria (15.4%). The national maternal mortality average is 506/100,000 and that has remained stable for over the last ten years. Despite the wide usage of herbal remedies in childbirth, this indigenous knowledge is not well documented and the claims not properly validated through scientific scrutiny under conditions mimicking the indigenous methods of use. This paper will discuss the crude aqueous herbal extracts of Vernonia amygdalina Del. and Cleome gynandra L. that were screened for their bioactivities on the motility of the rat uterus and rabbit jejunum. The ethnopharmacological screening results showed that the aqueous herbal extracts of V. amygdalina and C. gynandra increased rat uterine motility. In addition, aqueous extracts from V. amygdalina caused rabbit jejunum contraction. The aqueous plant extracts of V. amygdalina and C. gynandra that increased the rat uterine contraction may be oxytocic. Since the usage of herbal medicines offers a holistic approach that is lacking in western medicine, integration and safety aspects of herbal medicine development is a concern to the developing countries and globally.
An ethnobotanical documentation of medicinal plants used by local communities around Kibale National Park, A case of Kanyawara, Kanyansowera and Ibura Villages
(Bishop Stuart University, 2016-05) Maud, Kamatenesi Mugisha; Kazibwe, Francis; Waisindye, Noah; Anywar, G
Currently there is rapid loss of traditional knowledge and practices due to their dependency on oral transformation, impacts of modern cultural transformation, and rapid land degradation. Ethno botanical documentation of medicinal plant use is generally an appropriate means of identifying potential sources of the new drugs. Research indicates that 74% of plant derived compounds used in pharmaceuticals, retained similar use as used by traditional healers. Motivation to study the conservation status of such medicinal plants can be realized if their local use is scientifically proven by first documenting them and testing them. Current study was carried out to document useful medicinal plants, that are becoming prone to threats of endangerment before scientific interventions are made, in the local communities of Kanyawara, Kanyansowera and Ibura adjacent to Kibale National Park (KNP), located 124km East of Ruwenzori foothills and 20km South East (SE) of Fort Portal Town in western Uganda, in Kabarole District. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and guided questionnaires, house hold respondents were also chosen through random sampling. A total of 45 plant species from 28 families were recorded as useful medicinal plants harvested by people for managing diseases. Of the families encountered Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae had the highest number of species used followed by Bignoniaceae and Rutaceae. Though many plants have been used by the people in the study area to treat diseases, they have not been domesticated but are continuously being harvested from the wild. Such plants are prone to extinction yet could be domesticated for commercial purposes.
Ethnobotanical study of nutri-medicinal plants used for the management of HIV/AIDS opportunistic ailments among the local communities of western Uganda
(Crossmark, 2013-09-26) Maud, Kamatenesi Mugisha; Savina, Asiimwe; Agnes, Namutebi; Anna-Karin, Borg-Karlsson; Peace, Musiimenta
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Herbal remedies are a source of therapeutics for nearly 80% of the population in Uganda. Poor health facilities and limited access to antiretroviral drugs have perpetuated and increased the use of traditional medicine especially in rural areas for the treatment of opportunistic ailments of HIV/AIDS. To document the traditional uses of nutri-medicinal plants in the management of immunocompromised ailments associated with HIV/AIDS. To document the parts and growth forms of plants used, methods of preparation and administration of the herbal remedies. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in Mbarara and Isingiro districts of western Uganda between December 2010 and May 2011. Ethnobotanical information was collected from 64 respondents who were sampled based on recommendations of local elders and administrators. Ethnobotanical data on the use of nutri-medicinal plants for traditional treatment of HIV/AIDS opportunistic ailments were collected by employing semi-structured interviews with selected respondents, house hold visits and field observations as described by (Martin, 1995a). The respondents were mainly traditional medical practitioners who treat patients who are already receiving antiretroviral drugs. Fidelity levels of plant species and informant consensus factor were determined to show the percentage of informants claiming the use of certain plant species for the same major purpose and to analyse people's knowledge of plant use.
Ethnobotanical study of nutri-medicinal plants used for the management of HIV/AIDS opportunistic ailments among the local communities of western Uganda
(Crossmark, 2013-09-26) Maud, Kamatenesi Mugisha; Savina, Asiimwe; Agnes, Namutebi; Anna-Karin, Borg-Karlsson; Peace, Musiimenta
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Herbal remedies are a source of therapeutics for nearly 80% of the population in Uganda. Poor health facilities and limited access to antiretroviral drugs have perpetuated and increased the use of traditional medicine especially in rural areas for the treatment of opportunistic ailments of HIV/AIDS. To document the traditional uses of nutri-medicinal plants in the management of immunocompromised ailments associated with HIV/AIDS. To document the parts and growth forms of plants used, methods of preparation and administration of the herbal remedies. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in Mbarara and Isingiro districts of western Uganda between December 2010 and May 2011. Ethnobotanical information was collected from 64 respondents who were sampled based on recommendations of local elders and administrators. Ethnobotanical data on the use of nutri-medicinal plants for traditional treatment of HIV/AIDS opportunistic ailments were collected by employing semi-structured interviews with selected respondents, house hold visits and field observations as described by (Martin, 1995a). The respondents were mainly traditional medical practitioners who treat patients who are already receiving antiretroviral drugs. Fidelity levels of plant species and informant consensus factor were determined to show the percentage of informants claiming the use of certain plant species for the same major purpose and to analyse people's knowledge of plant use.
Factors associated with HIV viral suppression among adolescents in Kabale district, South Western Uganda
(PLOS ONE, 2022-08-18) Tugume, Peterson Gordon; Muhwezi, Talbert; Maud, Kamatenesi Mugisha; Ainamani, Elvis Herbert
Background The goal of antiretroviral therapy is to achieve sustained human immune deficiency virus (HIV) viral suppression. However, research on factors associated with viral load suppres sion among adolescents in low and middle-income countries is limited. The objectives of this study were to determine HIV viral suppression levels among adolescents in Kabale dis trict and the associated clinical, adherence and psychosocial factors. Methods Cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study designs were used. Two hundred and forty nine adolescents living with HIV that attended clinics between September and October 2019 at nine health facilities were interviewed and their medical records reviewed. A data abstrac tion tool was used to collect clinical data from adolescent’s clinical charts, face to face inter views were conducted using semi-structured questionnaire adopted from the HEADS tool and in-depth interviews conducted with ten key informants. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic content analysis. Logistic regression was used to determine the magnitude by which clinical and psychosocial factors influence viral load suppression. Odds Ratios (ORs) were used for statistical associations at 95% confidence interval considering statisti cal significance for p-values less than 0.05. Qualitative data collected from Key informants to support our quantitative findings was analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results HIV viral suppression among (n = 249) adolescents was at 81%. Having no severe opportu nistic infections was associated with viral load suppression among adolescent living with HIV (OR = 1.09; 95%CI [1.753–4.589]; p<0.001) as well as having no treatment interrup tions (OR = 0.86; 95% CI [2.414–6.790]; p = 0.004). Belonging to a support group (OR = 1.01; 95% CI [1.53–4.88]; P = 0.020), having parents alive (OR = 2.04; 95% CI[1.02–4.12]; P = 0.047) and having meals in a day (OR = 5.68; C.I = 2.38–6.12, P = 0.010), were significantly associated to viral load suppression. The findings also indicated that long dis tances from health facilities, transport challenges and unprofessional conduct of health workers that make adolescent unwelcome at health facilities negatively affected viral sup pression among adolescents. Conclusion The findings indicate that HIV viral suppression among adolescents on ART was at 81%. Kabale district was likely not to achieve the third 90 of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 global target for this population category. The findings further indicate that having no severe opportunistic infection and no treatment interruptions, good nutrition status, peer support and support from significant others, were highly associated with viral load suppression.
Medicinal plant species used in the treatment of skin diseases in Katabi Sub- County, Wakiso District, Uganda
(Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Institute, 2019-06-23) Maud, Kamatenesi Mugisha; Cissy, Nambejja; Patience, Tugume; Clement, Nyakoojo
Background: The use of medicinal plants in primary healthcare is central among rural communities in Uganda due to the expensive and often inaccessible conventional health care. Skin diseases pose a serious health risk given the challenge of HIV-AIDS whose opportunist infections manifest themselves as skin complications. The study investigated, identified and documented plant species used to manage skin infections, the plant parts used, methods of preparation and administration of herbal remedies.
Open Science for Universities based on UNESCO Recommendations
(2022-10-07) Maud, Kamatenesi Mugisha
THE VICE-CHANCELLOR’S GRADUATION SPEECHES 2014-2022
(Bishop Stuart University, 2014) Maud, Kamatenesi Mugisha
It is my pleasure to inform our stakeholders about the strides Bishop Stuart University has made over the years under my leadership as the Vice-Chancellor. This book clearly gives an account of all graduation speeches from the time I started my duty journey with the University from 1st May, 2014 to date. Eight graduation ceremonies have been held during my tenure starting with the 10th graduation that was held on 10th October, 2014. I believe that this book will be helpful to the Board of Trustees, Senior Management, Senate, University Coun cil, Government, Development partners, graduates, staff, parents and guardians, stakeholders and the community at large in understanding the role of Bishop Stuart University in the development of the nation and beyond through its vision “To be a University for recreating society with Academic Excellence, entrepreneurship and Christian Values.”, and well as its mission of producing multi-sectorial leaders/operators, who know the way, show the way and go the way. I sincerely appreciate all students who have graduated from BSU since 2014 upon your successful completion of different Academic Programmes that have led to the accomplishments reflected in this book. To all parents and guardians as well as sponsors, we thank you very much for all the sacrifices you have made in raising tuition over the years for the graduates of this great institution. I would like to acknowledge the role played by the Chancellor, the Rt. Rev. Dr. Fred Sheldon Mwesigwa and the current Chairperson University Council, Prof. Kenneth Kagame for their enabling leadership and guidance towards the development of this book. I also thank BSU Academic Staff, Administrative Staff and Support Staff for administering and implementing University activities which annually resulted in the graduation of students during my tenure. I wish to acknowledge the contribution of Prof. Laban Erapu, the Professor of Literature who is also in-charge of publications and printing press. Ms. Ankunda Emily, Administrator in charge of projects and partnerships in VC’s Office who compiled the Speeches from 2014 to 2022 and Mr. Mugumya Norman, Public Relations Office, for graphics and final layout of the book. Thank you for your efforts in this process. I sincerely thank all other stakeholders who have participated in various capacities to ensure this book is a success. Thank you for your contribution and commitment to this cause. BSU hopes that this book will be informative for policy decisions
VICE-CHANCELLOR’S REMARKS ON PROF. ENOKA RUKARE PUBLIC LECTURE HELD ON THURSDAY, 4TH AUGUST, 2022
(Bishop Stuart University, 2022) Maud, Kamatenesi Mugisha
Wild Plants Used as Nutraceuticals from Nebbi District, Uganda
(European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2014-04-13) Maud, Kamatenesi Mugisha; Godwin, Anywar
Currently, there is a global outcry over food insecurity [1]. This is worsened by the soaring food prices [2,3]. Uganda is not an exception, with a high average annual population growth rate of 3.2% and low annual growth rate of food production of about 1.5 % [4,5]. The proportion of undernourished people is highest in sub-Saharan Africa at 30 % [6,7], especially among children, women and the elderly [8]. Although Uganda has fertile soils and good climate, food insecurity exists throughout the country, but varies both geographically and amongst livelihood groups [9]. Families in Nebbi have only one harvest or agricultural season per year causing a serious burden on the nutritional status, livelihood and health of the local people.
Wild Plants Used as Nutraceuticals from Nebbi District, Uganda
(European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2014-02-13) Maud, Kamatenesi Mugisha; Godwin, Anywar
Currently, there is a global outcry over food insecurity [1]. This is worsened by the soaring food prices [2,3]. Uganda is not an exception, with a high average annual population growth rate of 3.2% and low annual growth rate of food production of about 1.5 % [4,5]. The proportion of undernourished people is highest in sub-Saharan Africa at 30 % [6,7], especially among children, women and the elderly [8]. Although Uganda has fertile soils and good climate, food insecurity exists throughout the country, but varies both geographically and amongst livelihood groups [9]. Families in Nebbi have only one harvest or agricultural season per year causing a serious burden on the nutritional status, livelihood and health of the local people.