Browsing by Author "Wycliffe, Tumwesigye"

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Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) for Sustainable Agriculture Nexus: A Tool for Transforming Food Systems
(2023-03-29) Benson, Turyasingura; Natal, Ayiga; Wycliffe, Tumwesigye; Philip Hegarty, James
Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is a global strategy for enhancing food productivity amidst climate change uncertainties in the 21st century. CSA improves farmers’ incomes, reduces greenhouse emissions, and farming systems become resilient to climate change. Despite the vital role that CSA plays in the development of the agricultural industry and the economy, the extent to which CSA is related to sustainable agriculture (SA) is not well documented. Is CSA the same as SA? If they are the same, do CSA practices impose mitigation requirements for developing countries like Uganda? Studies or research on CSA and SA unfortunately have certain shortcomings. Lack of this knowledge makes it difficult to plan investments and develop policies that will increase farmers’ resilience to climate change and variability to improve SA. This study is aimed at assessing how CSA links to SA and whether the two contribute to climate change mitigation requirements. It was found that CSA and SA are also related in a way that the latter leads to lowering greenhouse gas emissions hence mitigating climate change. CSA and SA share a common principal goal of achieving food security. It was concluded that developing countries are the worst affected by the negative impacts of climate change and don’t have the adaptive capacity to respond to climate change effects.
Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) for Sustainable Agriculture Nexus: A Tool for Transforming Food Systems
(Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2023) Benson, Turyasingura; Natal, Ayiga; Wycliffe, Tumwesigye; Philip Hegarty, James
Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is a global strategy for enhancing food productivity amidst climate change uncertainties in the 21st century. CSA improves farmers’ incomes, reduces greenhouse emissions, and farming systems become resilient to climate change. Despite the vital role that CSA plays in the development of the agricultural industry and the economy, the extent to which CSA is related to sustainable agriculture (SA) is not well documented. Is CSA the same as SA? If they are the same, do CSA practices impose mitigation requirements for developing countries like Uganda? Studies or research on CSA and SA unfortunately have certain shortcomings. Lack of this knowledge makes it difficult to plan investments and develop policies that will increase farmers’ resilience to climate change and variability to improve SA. This study is aimed at assessing how CSA links to SA and whether the two contribute to climate change mitigation requirements. It was found that CSA and SA are also related in a way that the latter leads to lowering greenhouse gas emissions hence mitigating climate change. CSA and SA share a common principal goal of achieving food security. It was concluded that developing countries are the worst affected by the negative impacts of climate change and don’t have the adaptive capacity to respond to climate change effects
Climate Smart Soil and Water Conservation Practices
(Science Publishing Group, 2018) Wycliffe, Tumwesigye; Doreen, Atwongyire; Peninah, Ayebare; Daniel, Ndizihiwe
The purpose of this study was to establish the appropriate climate smart soil and water conservation practices that enhance crop production for smallholder farmers in South Western Uganda, focusing on Mbarara, Isingiro and Ntungamo districts. This preliminary study focused on the following research questions: 1. What are the commonly used climate smart soil and water conservations practices in the region? 2. What are the smart soil and water conservation practices preferred by smallholder farmers in the region? 3. What are the challenges faced by smallholder farmers in application of climate smart soil and water conservation practices in the region? Both open-ended and closed ended questionnaires were used to answer the set research questions. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results show that smallholder farmers commonly use and prefer mulching (71%), application of organic manure (51.7%), digging trenches (21%); while the least commonly used practices included application of coffee husks (9.4%) and agroforestry (8.4%). The major challenges smallholder farmers were facing were limited capital to apply appropriate climate smart soil and water conservation practices. Capacity building and establishment of farmer-field groups to promote learning among peers were recommended. Further studies on nutrients and water holding capacities in Climate smart agriculture practices need to be conducted in south western Uganda.
Effect of Climate Change on Soil Health and Implications on Food Security
(INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY TECHNOVATION, 2021-11-05) Wycliffe, Tumwesigye; Johnson, Atwiine; Bobe, Bedadi
Climate change and soil health are intertwined complex processes that affect each other. The aim of this review was to find out the impact of climate change on soil health, its implication on food security and human welfare across the globe. The study found out that soil health is affected by land use practices and several anthropogenic activities carried out on landscapes; climate change and variability. Soil health also contributes to soil water retention, crop productivity, households’ food and income security culminating into a large contribution towards achieving sustainable development goals across the globe. Soil components affect climate and climate affects soil health and human wellbeing. The review article concluded that climate change and soil health are complex and intertwined multidisciplinary processes that require multidisciplinary approaches for better understanding and improvement of crop production. Appropriate climate smart agricultural practices are recommended to enhance soil health and mitigate and adapt to the changing climate for the improved farmers’ income, food security and human wellbeing across the globe.
The Effect of Water Quality on Aquaculture Produc 3 tivity in Ibanda District, Uganda
(MDPI, 2021) Zephline, Tumwesigye; Wycliffe, Tumwesigye; Fina, Opio; Chloe, Kemigabo; Boaz, Mujuni
Water quality plays a substantial role in maximizing fish productivity. Despite the efforts made by government to improve fish production, there are general complaints about small size of fish produced in aquaculture systems. The study was conducted to assess the effect of water quality on aquaculture productivity in Ibanda District. The specific objectives were to examine the status of water quality parameters (Temperature, Turbidity, pH, Alkalinity, Ammonia, Hardness, Carbon-dioxide and Iron) and assess their effect on fish pond productivity. Using data from fish farmers and water samples taken from restocked fish ponds in 10 sub-counties, the study revealed that out of the eight water quality parameters examined, only four parameters namely; average turbidity, alkalinity, hardness, Carbon-dioxide were within the acceptable ranges while Ammonia, temperature, pH and Iron were slightly outside the recom 30 mended ranges. The study also revealed that water quality parameters such as; Temperature, pH, Ammonia, Carbon-dioxide and Iron had a significant effect on the weight and size for both tilapia and catfish. The study concluded that some water quality parameters have a detrimental effect on fish farming. There is a need for educating fish farmers on how to maintain water quality at suitable levels in order to improve fish productivity in Ibanda district
Knowledge, Attitude and the Practice of Climate-Smart Agriculture among Smallholder Farmers in Isingiro District, South Western Uganda
(EAST AFRICAN NATURE & SCIENCE ORGANIZATION, 2023) Christine, Aturihaihi; Wycliffe, Tumwesigye; Fina, Opio; Geoffrey, Akiiki Beyihayo
Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) can sustainably increase productivity, improve resilience, and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from agricultural systems. The current study aimed to establish the existing knowledge, attitude, and practice of CSA among smallholder farmers in the Isingiro District. An exploratory survey was conducted to collect data from 126 farmers randomly selected from three Sub counties. Key informant interviews were conducted with three extension workers for more information. Data was analysed using Stata 14 to generate summary tables and the Chi-square test of independence. The results revealed a high level of knowledge about CSA among the farmers, with intercropping and crop rotation as the most popular (99%) whereas rainwater harvesting was least known (71.4%). Farmers’ knowledge about CSA was significantly related to different sources of information and knowledge (P<0.05). Farmers showed a positive attitude towards the use of CSA practices except for inorganic fertilisers with 45%. The dominantly used CSA practices were Intercropping (85.7%), mulching (75.4%) and the use of contour bunds (74.6%). Several limitations that hindered the adoption of CSA practices included limited finances, extension services, availability of CSA inputs, high prices of CSA inputs, price fluctuations and land scarcity, among others. The farmers’ awareness, attitude and practice of CSA were mainly shaped by their local knowledge with limited influence of technical knowledge. Furthermore, the practice of CSA among smallholder farmers is hampered by many limitations. Therefore, there is a need for policymakers to prioritise and enact pro-CSA-relevant policies that address the barriers hampering its adoption
Landscape Diversity Enhances Climate Change Resilience: A Review
(INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY TECHNOVATION, 2022-09-29) Wycliffe, Tumwesigye; Viola, Kishoin; Benson, Turyasingura; Majaliwa, Mwanjalolo; Jackson, Gilbert
The review aimed at understanding landscape diversity in the face of global population pressure, agricultural land shortages, food insecurity, and climate insecurity. We used published literature to determine whether landscape diversity improves resilience to climate change. Literature searches were performed using the Science Direct database, Google Scholar search engine, and the professional network ResearchGate using keywords. Land degradation, soil resilience, and natural resources from 2000 to 2019. 120 publications were searched, including journal articles, reports, and book chapters. Of these, 68 were considered more relevant and all were read and considered in writing this review. Climate change, food insecurity, and land degradation have been established to be major challenges for developing countries leading to the loss of genetic diversity. Our results show that the loss of proper habitat may allow fast-growing invaders to occupy the remaining limited resources. Therefore, alien species may accelerate invasion under human-induced land-use changes during times of global change. The time lag between range expansion and habitat loss has been thwarted. A golden window to prevent the spread of alien species established in the habitat
Landscape Diversity Enhances Climate Change Resilience: A Review
(2022-09-29) Wycliffe, Tumwesigye; Viola, Kishoin; Benson, Turyasingura; Majaliwa Mwanjalolo, Jackson-Gilbert
The review aimed at understanding landscape diversity in the face of global population pressure, agricultural land shortages, food insecurity, and climate insecurity. We used published literature to determine whether landscape diversity improves resilience to climate change. Literature searches were performed using the Science Direct database, Google Scholar search engine, and the professional network ResearchGate using keywords. Land degradation, soil resilience, and natural resources from 2000 to 2019. 120 publications were searched, including journal articles, reports, and book chapters. Of these, 68 were considered more relevant and all were read and considered in writing this review. Climate change, food insecurity, and land degradation have been established to be major challenges for developing countries leading to the loss of genetic diversity. Our results show that the loss of proper habitat may allow fast-growing invaders to occupy the remaining limited resources. Therefore, alien species may accelerate invasion under human-induced land-use changes during times of global change. The time lag between range expansion and habitat loss has been thwarted. A golden window to prevent the spread of alien species established in the habitat
A literature review of climate-smart landscapes as a tool in soil water management in Sub-Saharan Africa
(INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY TECHNOVATION, 2023) Benson, Turyasingura; Wycliffe, Tumwesigye; Atuhaire, Abraham; Jennifer, Turyatemba Tumushabe; Rogers, Akatwijuka
Worldwide, information is needed about the social landscape management as there is no known studies that have documented how climate-smart landscape approaches improve soil and water status. In Sub-Saharan Africa, effective social landscape governance necessitates a certain amount of social capital, including trust and agreed-upon standards. Climate-smart landscapes are key to successful soil and water management but little effort have been made to critically improve effective soil and water resources. The study was guided by the specific objectives, which include examining equitable climate-smart landscapes and finding out the major challenges facing the implementation of climate-smart landscapes. Using "landscape governance" AND "climate smart landscape," 31 papers (31) were obtained from the Web of Science (WOS) and twenty-nine (27) from the Scopus databases using search engines from (1992-2022). On equitable climate-smart landscapes, it was found that multi-stakeholder participation in landscape management is an iterative and changing process that can assist in addressing and resolving disputes as well as facilitating fair negotiation procedures for underrepresented and minority groups. Proper planning and the implementation of a comprehensive planning framework that links various planning activities and decision-making processes are required for landscape approaches to be successful. The major challenges included policies and institutions, financial difficulties in the conservation of natural resources, and socio-economic issues. The novelty from this study is to inform policy makers on climate-smart landscape approaches to ease soil and water management
A literature review of climate-smart landscapes as a tool in soil water management in Sub-Saharan Africa
(INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY TECHNOVATION, 2023) Benson, Turyasingura; Wycliffe, Tumwesigye; Atuhaire, Abraham; Jennifer, Turyatemba Tumushabe; Rogers, Akatwijuka
Worldwide, information is needed about the social landscape management as there is no known studies that have documented how climate-smart landscape approaches improve soil and water status. In Sub-Saharan Africa, effective social landscape governance necessitates a certain amount of social capital, including trust and agreed-upon standards. Climate-smart landscapes are key to successful soil and water management but little effort have been made to critically improve effective soil and water resources. The study was guided by the specific objectives, which include examining equitable climate-smart landscapes and finding out the major challenges facing the implementation of climate-smart landscapes. Using "landscape governance" AND "climate smart landscape," 31 papers (31) were obtained from the Web of Science (WOS) and twenty-nine (27) from the Scopus databases using search engines from (1992-2022). On equitable climate-smart landscapes, it was found that multi-stakeholder participation in landscape management is an iterative and changing process that can assist in addressing and resolving disputes as well as facilitating fair negotiation procedures for underrepresented and minority groups. Proper planning and the implementation of a comprehensive planning framework that links various planning activities and decision-making processes are required for landscape approaches to be successful. The major challenges included policies and institutions, financial difficulties in the conservation of natural resources, and socio-economic issues. The novelty from this study is to inform policy makers on climate-smart landscape approaches to ease soil and water management
Organizational Rewards and Performance of Health Centre IV workers in Greater Mbarara District, Uganda
(2013) Johnson, Atwiine; Gershom, Atukunda; Wycliffe, Tumwesigye; Justus, Asasira
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study relationship between organizational rewards, and performance of Health Centre IV workers in greater Mbarara District. Methods: This study used cross-sectional, explanatory and correlational approaches, and it utilised health center IV’s workers’ data that were collected by using a questionnaire survey from a sample of 200 health workers from 11 health centres from greater Mbarara district. Findings: Results revealed that rewards, were significantly associated with health workers’ performances. Contrary to previous thinking, organizational rewards and constructs do not significantly predict health workers’ performance. Once health centre IV’s have appropriate reward strategies for their health workers in health facilities, they are likely to work hard by meeting deadlines, being available at their work station and they would eventually enhance on job performance. Research limitations/implications: This study focuses on rewards, and performance of health workers’ in health centres iv in greater Mbarara and it is possible that these results are only applicable to the public health centres iv in greater Mbarara. More research is therefore needed to further understand the relationship between rewards, and performance of health workers in other sectors such as the private health sector and in other areas of the country like northern, central and eastern Uganda. Practical implications: The results are important for health policy development and implementation, for example, in terms of primary health care and reporting lines for the health workers so as to enhance on their performance in public health sector. Originality/value: As far as the authors are aware, no research has hitherto been undertaken that investigates the relationship between reward practices on health workers’ performance in health centres IV in greater Mbarara district. Thus the results of this study will provide health practitioners with better insights in some reward practices that could be adopted by government/health practitioners so as to improve the performance of health centres IV workers
Smallholder Farmers’ Coping Strategies to Perceived Climate Change and Variability in Isingiro District, South Western Uganda
(African Journal of Climate Change and Resource Sustainability, 2023) Christine, Aturihaihi; Fina, Opio; Wycliffe, Tumwesigye; Geoffrey, Akiiki Beyihayo
Climate change and variability pose a major challenge facing the agricultural sector around the world and trends are feared to intensify by 2050. This is likely to complicate agricultural decisions affecting local communities who depend on the sector for their livelihood. Seasonal changes in weather patterns are projected to reduce food production due to the reduction in average yields of common food crops. With the majority of smallholder farmers in Uganda depending on agriculture for survival, building their adaptive capacity to climate change is vital to ensure household food and income security. This study aimed at establishing the smallholder farmers’ perceptions of climate change and their initiatives to cope with and manage the associated risks. A sample of 126 farming households were randomly selected from three Sub counties in Isingiro District and studied using field observations and questionnaires. Key informant interviews were also conducted with three extension workers. The collected data was analysed using Stata 14 and Excel. The findings revealed that there was increasing awareness of the climate change and variability challenge among smallholder farmers with the increasing need to take on adaptation strategies. The results showed that the major perceived changes were, increased intensity and frequency of droughts (98%), increase in daytime temperatures (92.7%), decrease in rainfall intensity (92.1%) and changes in rainfall distribution patterns (90%). It also showed that different initiatives had been taken by farmers to cope with the changes like changing planting dates (92.1%), growing crop variety mixtures (73.8%) and practising soil and water conservation (62.7%). Based on the findings of this study, smallholder farmers greatly perceived climate change and variability with negative impacts imposed on their farming operations. Although farmers have tried to adapt, there is still a need to support their coping strategies through appropriate policies. This will facilitate increased adoption of adaptation measures, thereby reducing the negative consequences of climate change in future.
Strengthening Conservation of Owl- Faced Monkeys (Cercopithecus Hamlyni) in the Albertine Rift Region (ARR)
(Science PG Publishing group, 2018-10-15) Wycliffe, Tumwesigye; Louis, Rugerinyange; Claude, Hakizimana; Doreen, Atwongyeire; Goretty, Nagawa; Daniel, Ndizihiwe
The owl-faced monkeys (Cercopithecus hamlyni) are endemic to the Albertine Rift Region (ARR). They live in and feed on bamboo plantations as their primary habitat. Illegal bamboo harvesting threaten the owl-faced monkeys and associated biodiversity across the Nyungwe-Kibira trans-boundary ecosystem in the ARR. Spatial distribution of bamboo plantations, mechanisms for propagation and management in Rwanda and Burundi are poorly documented. The study aimed at mapping potential Cecopithecus hamlyni habitats, establishment of threats facing bamboo plantations, and training local communities in bamboo propagation and management techniques. The study used GIS data from IUCN red list and diva-gis websites, 300 household interviews and focus group discussions of key informants from Rwanda and Burundi. GIS 10, SPSS version 18 and Microsoft Excel were used for data analysis. Results indicate that potential habitats for C. hamlyni include: Western DR Congo, South Eastern Rwanda and North Western Burundi. Results show that 67% of the households harvest bamboo trees for handcrafts and construction while 50% harvest bamboo trees for sale due to high poverty levels in their households. The study concluded that collaborative trans-boundary management of protected areas, capacity building for local communities, formation of cooperatives and enacting appropriate laws promotes biodiversity conservation in the region. Strengthening law enforcement and propagation of bamboo plantations on marginal land were recommended.
UTILISATION OF BIODEGRADABLE SOLID WASTE TO BOOST CROP PRODUCTION AMONG FARMERS IN MBARARA CITY, SOUTH WESTERN UGANDA
(American Journal of Agriculture, 2022) Wycliffe, Tumwesigye; Medard, Twinamatsiko; Naboth, Twesigye
Purpose: Determining the utilisation of biodegradable solid waste in boosting crop productivity among farmers in Mbarara City. Methodology: Mixed methods were used with simple random sampling and purposive sampling to obtain 111 and 31 respondents respectively - altogether constituting 142 respondents. Data was collected from the respondents using a questionnaire and an interview guide. The study adopted both descriptive and correlational data analysis. Findings: The study identified some practices that were used in managing biodegradable solid waste for application in boosting crop productivity among farmers in Mbarara city. These were communal collection, door-to-door collection, and others like roadside dumping and dustbins. The application of biodegradable solid waste in boosting crop productivity among farmers of Mbarara city was found to be relatively low, notwithstanding the fact that for those who applied the biodegradable solid waste in farming, it increased crops yields. The study further identified compositing of biodegradable solid waste as the main innovative strategy for proper utilization of solid wastes towards crop productivity. This was because the strategy is environmentally friendly at the same time it enriches the soil with both soil and crop growth support nutrients. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: A strong cooperation between the community and the city council authorities should be cultivated for purposes of enhancing community participation in the management of biodegradable solid waste hence enhancing food crop production in the area. There is also need to explore the opportunities of reducing, reusing, recycling and rethinking and composting in waste management among urban communities to minimize waste and increase economic benefits. Successfully adoption of sustainable methods of waste management by the communities can be done by making awareness programmes simple and accessible to change the mind-set of urban residents to perceive waste as resources rather a problem