Browsing by Author "Tumwesigye, Wycliffe"

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Acacia Trees Enhance Soil Nitrogen That Influences Grass Crude Protein In African Rangelands
(Bishop Stuart University, 2018-06) Ndizihiwe, Daniel; Tumwesigye, Wycliffe; Atwongire, Doreen; Bahame, David; Musinguzi, Charles; Amanya, Martin; Kalibwani, Rebecca
The study found out the impact of acacia trees on soil nitrogen and how this nitrogen consequently influences the grass crude protein in Sanga rangeland. Four 100×100m plots were randomly selected in a vast area, five acacia trees and five open areas randomly identified in each plot. A soil and pasture sample were collected from each acacia tree and in open area. Samples were analyzed by Kjeldahl's method to determine percentage soil nitrogen and grass crude protein. The results were subjected to analysis of variance using MINITAB 14 statistical software. Percentage soil nitrogen and grass crude protein significantly differed between under acacia and away from acacia with P=0.001 and P=0.007 respectively. Both soil nitrogen and grass crude protein were higher near acacia than in the open area. We suggest that the co-existence between grasses, acacia trees and also herbivores at an advanced level should be area of interest to livestock farmers and rangeland managers. Natural soil fertility replenishment in African rangelands is partly influenced by acacia trees which have also gone ahead to determine the nutritional quality of ground grass species that are the basic source of food to rangeland herbivorous and omnivorous animals. Finding out the approximate tree population and spacing required for optimum rangeland productivity and the interest to know the acacia species fixing more nitrogen than the others are areas for further research. This can help to understand the species to be kept in the rangelands and in what proportions.
Effect of land use change and slope position on soil organic carbon in Kitabi Watershed Rwanda
(Kitabi College of Conservation and Environmental Management (KCCEM) C/O Rwanda Development Board (RDB), 2015-11-09) Tumwesigye, Wycliffe; Wasige, John; Thomas, Groen
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is widely used as a proxy for soil health and soil fertility. Land use change(LUC) has been implicated as one of the factors leading to the loss of SOC and increased release of green house gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere hence contributing to global climate change (GCC). Rwanda is a mountainous country and has faced a challenge of land use inter-conversions between forests, perennial crops and annual crops over the years. The impact of LUC on SOC stocks is poorly documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LUC and slope positions on SOC stocks in Kitabi watershed. Lands at TM-5 images of 2008 and 1986 were used to make a land use change map using Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) algorithm in Erdas. Slope positions were derived from the DEM using Topographic Position Index (TPI) tool and the output raster was overlaid with the LUC map to identify sample strata. Soil samples were obtained using stratified top sequential random sampling from annual crops, community tea and factory tea. A total of 134 soil samples were taken from the three LU categories along each of the three slope positions: upslope, middle slope and down slope. Soil sampling was done at two depths 0-20 cm and 20-50 cm in each land use category using a soil auger. To make a composite soil mixture, five samples were taken from 10 m x 10 m plots in each land use category.SOC laboratory analysis was done using Loss on ignition (LOI). One-Way ANOVA and Games Howell tests were used to analyze the data. Results indicate that LU types significantly affect SOC stocks (p < 0.001) while slope position does not (p =.491). The interaction of LU and slope position has no significant effect on SOC stocks across the three land use types (p = .061). Good management practices in community tea and soil erosion control measures in annual crops are recommended.
Impact of Human Activities on the Quality of Water in Nyaruzinga Wetland of Bushenyi District - Uganda
(International Science Congress Association, 2021-11) Safari, D; Mulongo, G; Tumwesigye, Wycliffe
The study presents an investigation into the effect of various human activities on the degradation and lowering of water quality in Nyaruzinga wetland which is located in Bushenyi district, South Western Uganda. Water samples were drawn from six different places (one town supply, one water reservoir) and four contaminated sources near the wetland. The results were compared to both national and WHO guidelines. The different parameters assessed included apparent colour (AC), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity (Tur), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), pH and microbial activity using E. coli as a standard test. Experimental methods were composed of complexometric titration, turbidimetry, pH direct meter reading, spectrophotometry and standard plate count, using membrane filter technique. Results obtained revealed that most of the parameters investigated were outside the range recommended by both national standard and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Such results were mainly attributed to fish farming and sewage discharge from the surrounding institutions.
Social-economic setting and potential use of cissus adenocaulis in treatment of gastrointestinal worms in cattle,Ntungamo District South Western Uganda.
(Mbarara University Of Science and Technology, 2011-10) Tumwesigye, Wycliffe
Despite the government‟s efforts to fight poverty, many cattle keepers in Ntugamo District have largely remained poor. They cannot afford to purchase veterinary drugs for de-worming their cows at a frequency recommended by veterinary doctors. Both the cattle and their products are of poor quality hence cannot fetch sufficient income for the farmers. This research aimed at establishing the socio-economic setting of Ngoma Sub County residents and to determine how Cissus adenocaulis, a traditional herbal medicine, can be utilized to de-worm cattle, which is a cheaper and affordable means of treatment that would improve the livestock production of the peasant farmers and reduce poverty in Ngoma Sub County. A total of 105 households were randomly selected from seven parishes and interviewed using both open and closed ended questionnaires. The body weights of ten selected animals were measured and rectal samples collected from each cow and preserved in 10% formal saline. The cows were subjected to different treatments with fresh and dry extracts from the herb Cissus adenocaulis, Albendazole 10% and water based on their body weight. Cissus extracts were obtained by collecting roots and leaves of the plant, some of which were pounded and dried to make powder while others were used fresh. These were dissolved in water in different dosages and at different temperatures before they were administered to the cows. Egg count per gram (EPG) of cow dung was carried out in the laboratory using ether concentration technique and a light microscope to determine the numbers and types of gastrointestinal worms present before and after administering the drugs. Treatment was done for 8 weeks and 14 days on the first set and second set of cows respectively. Results show that 80.9% of the population lives under low income (> $ 1 per month), 8.2% live under medium income level ($ 1- $ 50) while 10.9% live under high income level (> 50 per month). Cissus fresh leaves had almost the same effectiveness as Cissus fresh root (unpaired t test ixwith equal variance at α =1%; t =-0.3721; associated p value =0.6327). Both Cissus fresh leaves and Cissus fresh roots extracts had almost the same effectiveness as Albendazole 10% (unpaired t test with equal variance at α =1%; t =-0.3721; associated p value =0.6327). Both Cissus dry leaves and Cissus dry roots extracts were found to be more effective than Albendazole 10% (unpaired t test with equal variance at α =1%; t =1.7889; associated p value =0.0741). It was recommended that Ngoma Sub County cattle keepers should domesticate Cissus adenocaulis and use its herbal extracts to supplement veterinary drugs to de-wormers their cattle. Further studies to determine the bioactive ingredients present in Cissus extracts and to standardize their dosages need to be carried out. Cattle keepers in Ngoma Sub County should embrace poverty eradication programs to fight poverty in this area.
Utilization of medicinal plants in treating livestock diseases around Queen Elizabeth national park, western Uganda
(International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2019-06-06) Ndizihiwe, Daniel; Ahishakiye, Emmanuel; Nkuuhe, Douglas; Sunday, Benjamin; Tumwesigye, Wycliffe
The study focused on the use of medicinal plants in treating livestock diseases by the communities around queen Elizabeth National Park, specifically in Nyakatonzi and Kichwamba sub-counties in western Uganda. The study identified the available medicinal plant species and their application in treatment of livestock diseases. Plants of families Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Lamiaceae were the mostly used in treating livestock diseases and most of these plants are harvested from the National Park. A total of nineteen different plant species was found to be used. Diseases treated by herbal plants included; anaemia, bloat, cough, East Coat Fever (ECF) and external parasites with East Coast Fever treated by large number (10) of plant species. There is a need to pay attention on how these plants are being exploited to avoid their extinction as some have become endangered species. Programmes that aim at sustainable use and conservation of the most important plant species in treating these diseases can be thought of, for example the plant domestication projects as some of the species can be found in the National Park only. The distribution, the methods of use and the efficiency of these implicated plant species should be areas of further investigation to give more light on the subject.
Utilization of medicinal plants in treating livestock diseases around Queen Elizabeth national park, western Uganda
(International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2019-02-06) Ndizihiwe, Daniel; Ahishakiye, Emmanuel; Nkuuhe, Douglas; Sunday, Benjamin; Tumwesigye, Wycliffe
The study focused on the use of medicinal plants in treating livestock diseases by the communities around queen Elizabeth National Park, specifically in Nyakatonzi and Kichwamba sub-counties in western Uganda. The study identified the available medicinal plant species and their application in treatment of livestock diseases. Plants of families Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Lamiaceae were the mostly used in treating livestock diseases and most of these plants are harvested from the National Park. A total of nineteen different plant species was found to be used. Diseases treated by herbal plants included; anaemia, bloat, cough, East Coat Fever (ECF) and external parasites with East Coast Fever treated by large number (10) of plant species. There is a need to pay attention on how these plants are being exploited to avoid their extinction as some have become endangered species. Programmes that aim at sustainable use and conservation of the most important plant species in treating these diseases can be thought of, for example the plant domestication projects as some of the species can be found in the National Park only. The distribution, the methods of use and the efficiency of these implicated plant species should be areas of further investigation to give more light on the subject.