Browsing by Author "Kazibwee, Francis"

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    Morbidity due to Schistosoma mansoni: an epidemiological assessment of distended abdomen syndrome in Ugandan school children with observations before and 1-year after anthelminthic chemotherapy
    (Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2006-06) Balena, Julie; Stotharda, J. Russell; Kabatereine, Narcis B.; Tukahebwa, Edridah M.; Kazibwee, Francis; Whawell, Sarah; Webster, Joanne P.; Utzinger, J¨urg; Fenwick, Alan
    Summary: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and distribution of distended abdomens among Ugandan school children across a range of eco-epidemiological settings and to investigate the relationship between distended abdomens and helminth infections, in particular Schistosoma mansoni, before and 1-year after anthelminthic treatment. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 4354 school children across eight districts, with a longitudinal 1-year follow-up of 2644 children (60.7%). On both occasions, parasitological,biometrical and clinical data were collected for each child. Baseline prevalence of S. mansoni and hookworms was 44.3% and 51.8%, respectively. Distended abdomens, defined as an abdominal circumference ratio (ACR) >1.05, were observed in 2.5% of the sampled children,several of whom presented with particularly severe distensions necessitating hospital referral.ACR scores were highly overdispersed between districts and schools. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that S. mansoni infection accounted for only a small fraction of ACR variation,suggesting that either single point prevalence and intensity measures failed to reflectthis more chronically evolved morbidity and/or that other interacting factors were involved,
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    Treatment of intestinal schistosomiasis in Ugandan preschool children: best diagnosis, treatment efficacy and side-effects, and an extended praziquantel dosing pole
    (Elsevier, 2010) Figueiredo, José Carlos Sousa; Pleasant, Joyce; Day, Matthew; Betson, Martha; David, Rollinsona; Montresor, Antonio; Kazibwee, Francis; Kabatereinee, Narcis B; J. Russell, Stotharda
    The Ugandan national control programme for schistosomiasis has no clear policy for inclusion of preschool-children (≤5 years old) children. To re-balance this health inequality, we sought to identify best diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis, observe treatment safety and efficacy of praziquantel (PZQ), and extend the current WHO dose pole for chemotherapy.We examined and treated 363 preschool children from shoreline villages of Lakes Albert and Victoria, and found that 62·3% (CI95 57·1–67·3) of the children were confirmed to have intestinal schistosomiasis. One day after treatment, children were reported as having headaches (3·6%), vomiting (9·4%), diarrhoea (10·9%) and urticaria/rash (8·9%) with amelioration at 21-day follow-up, where the parasitological cure rate was found to be 100·0%. Height and weight data were collected from a further 3303 preschool children to establish and validate an extended PZQ dose pole that now includes two new heightintervals: 60-84cm for one-half tablet and 84–99cm for three-quarter tablet divisions; which would result in 97·6% of children receiving an acceptable dose (30–60 mg/kg). To conclude, preschool children in lakeshore communities of Uganda are at significant risk of intestinal schistosomiasis; we now strongly advocate for their immediate inclusion within the national control programme to eliminate this health inequity.