Browsing by Author "Kazibwe, F."

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Ecology of Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Lake Albert, Western Uganda: snail distributions, infection with schistosomes and temporal associations with environmental dynamics
(Springer, 2006-04-01) Kazibwe, F.; Makanga, B.; Rubaire-Akiiki, C.; Ouma, J.; Kariuki, C.; Kabatereine, N.B.; Booth, M.; Vennervald, B.J.; Sturrock, R.F.; Stothard, J.R.
In Lake Albert, an ecological study was conducted, between June 2000 and May 2003, which assessed snail population dynamics, parasite infection patterns and interplay of environmental factors upon Biomphalaria.Monthly sampling surveys were conducted at 29 sites monitoring populations of Biomphalariastanleyi and Biomphalaria sudanica. Altogether, a total of 21,715 B. stanleyi and 8452 B. sudanica were collected during the period. Both species could be found infected with Schistosoma mansoni although infection prevalence was significantly higher (p<0.01**) in B. stanleyi (4.4%) than in B. sudanica (3.5%).Each species occupied slightly different aquatic niches with B. stanleyi preferring deeper water habitats whilst B. sudanica was found along the shoreline in shallower water. B. stanleyi was more widely distributed among the sampling locations (19 sites) than B. sudanica (10 sites). Of the four villages included in the study area, snails from sites near Piida and Bugoigo villages had the highest schistosome infection rates,presumably attributable to the closer proximity of people with intestinal schistosomiasis. After inspection of cross-correlation plots which identified most suitable time lags, snail density dynamics could be associated with seasonal variations inclusive of: air temperature, rainfall, lake level, water temperature, water conductivity and water pH. These temporal observations better reveal the relationship between snail populations and environmental factors, providing important information concerning the relative roles of B. stanleyi and B. sudanica in transmission of S. mansoni and development of integrated strategies for disease control around Lake Albert.
Effect of Seasonal Rainfall and Other Environmental Changes, On Snail Density And Infection Rates With Schistosoma Mansoni Fifteen Years after the Last Snails’ Study In Kigungu, Entebbe, Uganda
(East African Medical Journal, 2008-11) Odongo-Aginya, E. I.; Kironde, F. K; Kabatereine, N.B; Kategere, P; Kazibwe, F.
Background: The last study on snail population density in relation to rainfall pattern in Kigungu canoe landing and recreational sites on Lake Victoria shore was earlier carried out about fifteen years ago. This study also reviewed the influence of other environmental factors on the snails’ infection rate.Objective: To reassess the density dynamic of Biomphalaria (B) choanomphala and Biomphalaria (B) pfeifferi, which act as the intermediate host for S. mansoni and Bulinus (B) globosus, and Bulinus (B) tropicus, which act as intermediate host for S.haematobium.Design: Retrospective study.Setting: Busy canoe landing sites along Lake Victoria in Kigungu fishing village were selected for the snail sampling.Results: Nine thousand one hundred and ninety four B.choanomphala were collected over the study period. The numbers of B.choanomphala collected in each year was 4742 (51.6%) and 4452 (48.4%) in 2004 and 2005 respectively. Of the 4742 B.Choanomphala collected in 2004, 82 (1.7%) shed human cercariae and 329 (6.7%) shed non-human cercariae. Whereas in 2005, out of 4452 B. choanomphala collected 302 (6.85%) shed non-human cercariae and 82 (1.8%) shed human cercariae. Similarly, 4173 B. pfeifferi were also collected in the same period. Out of which 2224 (53.3%) were collected in 2004 and 1949 (46.7%) in 2005. For B. pfeifferi, 42 (1.9%) out of 2224 snails collected in 2004 shed human cercariae and 246 (11.1%) shed non-human cercariae. While in 2005,33 out of 1949 snails (1.7%) shed human cercariae and 159 (8.2%) shed non-human cercariae. Other snails of medical importance collected included 292 B. globosus and 3094 B. tropicus. None of the Bulinus spp. collected shed any human cercariae but 37 (2.1%) and 30 (2.3%) B. tropicus shed non-human cercariae in 2004 and 2005 respectively. In 2004 and 2005, the area received, 1729mm and 1959mm of rainfall respectively. The mean rainfall during the year was 144.05 mm and 163.3 mm in 2004 and 2005 respectively. There was a negative correlation between rainfalls and snail density dynamic.Conclusion: We have found in this study that in spite of the bush clearing of thepapyrus swamps which originally was the major habitats for choanomphala, B.pfeifferi and the Bulinus spp the intermediate host for schistosome at all canoe landingsites at Kigungu, these snails are still present. Moreover, that their population density dynamic and infection rate are inversely proportional to the rainfall pattern.
Schistosoma bovis in western Uganda.
(Journal of Helminthology, 2004) Stothard, J.R.; Lockyer, A.E.; Lockyer, A.E.; Tukahebwa, E.M.; Kazibwe, F.; Rollinson, D.; Fenwick, A.
During routine parasitological surveillance and monitoring activities within aNational Control Programme for control of human schistosomiasis in Uganda, it was noted that cattle grazing in a water meadow immediately adjacent to Tonya primary school, where the prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis in children was in excess of 90%, were unusually emaciated. To test the hypothesis that there may have been an anthropozoonotic focus of Schistosoma mansoni within the local herd, a young female heifer, clearly emaciated and c. 8 months old, was slaughtered from which schistosome worms were later recovered by dissection. As female worms inspected by microscopy were not gravid, morphological identification proved inconclusive but analysis of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA sequences from these worms identified them as Schistosoma bovis Sonsino, 1876. This is the first substantiated report of S. bovis from Lake Albert, western Uganda. Further epidemiological surveys are needed to clarify the extent of bovine schistosomiasis within this region, particularly so since this lakeside plain has been earmarked as a future game reserve.
Spatial analysis of the distribution of intestinal nematode infections in Uganda.
(2004) Kabatereine, N. B.; Brooker, S; Tukahebwa, E. M.; Kazibwe, F.
The Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, World Health Organization, World Food Programme and the Wellcome Trust (through its provision of an Advanced Training Fellowship to SB (062692)). The satellite data used in this study include data produced through funding from the Earth Observing System Pathfinder Program of NASA’s Mission to Planet Earth in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.