Browsing by Author "Kamatenesi, Maud Mugisha"

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Chemical composition and Toxicological evaluation of the aqueous leaf extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus Lour. Spreng
(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention, 2014-02) Savina, Asiimwe; Anna-Karin, Borg- Karlsson; Muhammad, Azeem; Kamatenesi, Maud Mugisha; Agnes, Namutebi; Ndukui, James Gakunga
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Plectranthus amboinicus is used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases and ailments including opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS. However, there is little insight as to the possible toxic effects of this herbal formulation on major organ systems of the body. This study was designed to assess the acute and sub acute toxic effects of the aqueous leaf extract of P. amboinicus on the histology of tissues, biochemical (liver and kidney functions) as well as hematological indices in albino swiss mice and wistar rats respectively. Materials and methods: In this study, phytochemical screening of the aqueous extracts of P. amboinicus was carried out using standard qualitative and quantitative (SPME and GCMS) analytical methods. The extracts were tested for acute toxicity in mice and for sub acute toxicity in Wistar rats according to the OECD guidelines No 425. In acute toxicity test, the dose of 5000 mg/kg was used as the limit dose test. The sub acute toxicity test was evaluated through biochemical, hematological, histopathological and body weight of rats using daily doses of 2500 mg/kg, 1250 mg/kg and 625 mg/kg of the aqueous extract for 28 days. Any signs of toxicity were recorded. Histopathological examination was done on the liver, kidneys, lungs and intestines. Body weight changes were measured weekly for 28 days of daily single dose of extract administration. Results: Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extracts revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroid glycosides and polyuronides. GCMS analysis revealed the presence of 11 chemical compounds constituting 97.6% of the total extract composition. The principle constituents include linalool (50.3 %), nerol acetate (11.6%), geranyl acetate (11.7 %) and carvacrol (14.3%). In acute toxicity, the extracts did not cause any mortality or evidence of adverse effects following oral administration of the highest dose of 10,000 mg/kg of crude extract in both mice. In sub acute study, normal body weight gains were observed during the study period compared to the control group. The kidney function parameters (Urea, creatinine, uric acid) were significantly increased following administration of extract. Histopathological examination of extract treated groups showed necrosis of hepatic cells with generalized congestion in the renal cortex, pneumonitis and sloughing of intestinal villi. Conclusion: The aqueous extract is rich in phytochemical compounds that are of therapeutic value. No mortalities were observed during acute and sub acute toxicity study period. These finding indicate that the extract caused treatment- related toxicological abnormalities which increased with dosage. The aqueous extract of P. amboinicus is safe to use as indicated by the high LD50 value, but should be used with caution at high doses.
Documentation and Phytochemical Screening of Most Commonly used Nutri-Medicinal Plants by Pregnant Women in Kyeizooba, Bushenyi District, Western Uganda
(Research gate, 2020) Kamatenesi, Maud Mugisha; Waswa, Bright; Kiconco, Catherine; Ogwang, Patrick Engeu; Ivan, Kahwa
Nutri-medicinal plants are widely used as a remedy for some ailments among pregnant women worldwide. There are different medicinal plants used by pregnant women in Uganda depending on the culture and knowledge of these medicinal plants. A cross sectional study was carried out on 135 women in Kyeizooba sub county Bushenyi District from September 2016 to March 2017. Medicinal plants used by pregnant women were identified and documented, and phytochemical screening of the frequently used nutri-medicinal plants was done and their effects were studied comparing with the available literature. Fidelity levels, Informant consensus factor and use values were used to obtain the most frequently used medicinal plants. Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families presented the highest number of medicinal plants used by pregnant women. The phytochemicals analyzed in the herbs were saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing compounds, phenols and steroids which were found to exist in some nutri-medicinal plants with varying intensities. Herbal medicines contain important phytochemicals which if standardized and the dosages prescribed could present therapeutic advantages to the users
Effectiveness of selected medicinal plants used for management of ticks in cattle in Western Uganda
(Net journals, 2020-11) Kiconco, Catherine; Muhumuza, Allan; Kamatenesi, Maud Mugisha
Tick management among cattle farmers in Western Uganda has become an outstanding problem based on the fact that there is increasing resistance to most of the synthetic acaricides. Several herbs have been mentioned for management of ticks in different parts of the world, and they have been tested for acaricidal properties. This (experimental) study evaluated the in vitro investigation of the efficacy of Phytolaca dodecandra L’Her, Azardirachta indica A. Juss., Vernonia amygdalina Del. and Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f. in the management of ticks in Western Uganda. Cold and hot extracts of these herbs were used in comparison with Duodip a synthetic acaricide commonly used by farmers in the management of ticks within the region. Results indicated that there was a significant difference in the effectiveness of the different herbal extracts with cold extracts showing better efficacy (p < 0.0001) than the hot extracts (p = 0.12) at highest concentration used of 75 mg/ml. The mortality rate of ticks when Duodip was used was 20% which was much lower than that of the medicinal extracts used which gave a mortality rate of 30% and above for the different medicinal plants. The use of medicinal plants therefore could be a better option in the management of ticks if well concentrated. There is need for more in vivo studies to establish the possible dermatological effects on the animals if these herbs were to be used effectively as acaricides.