Browsing by Author "Bright Laban, Waswa"

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Factors Affecting Acceptability of Blood Donation Exercises in Rural Areas Compared to Urban Centers in Mbarara District
(International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, 2023-09) Agaba, Ellon; Atukunda, Gershom; Bright Laban, Waswa
Introduction:The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that blood donation by 1% of the total population is generally the minimum needed to meet a nation’s most basic blood requirements The study was about the factors affecting acceptability of blood donation exercises in rural compared to urban areas in Mbarara District. The objectives of the study were; to find out the individual factors, establish environmental factors, and investigate the cultural factors influencing the acceptability of blood donation in rural and urban areas in Mbarara district. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional study design, descriptive and analytical in nature involving both quantitative and qualitative approaches to data collection and analysis. The population of study were perceived blood donors in Mbarara district from which a sample size of 384 perceived blood donors were recruited. Of the 384 respondents, 192 were gotten from rural areas and 192 were from urban areas in Mbarara District. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine associations between acceptability of blood donations and the independent variables i.e., individual factors environmental and cultural factors. Results:384 participants recruited in this study. Of these, 192 were recruited from rural area and 192 recruited from urban centers.The study findings revealed that the individual factors affecting acceptability of blood donation exercise in rural and urban areas in Mbarara District were blood donation experience of 4-6 years (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI = 1.22 – 1.36, P =0.004) and household decision making by the husband (AOR=0.15, 95% CI = 0.03 – 0.78, P = 0.024). Topography of place of residence (AOR=0.18, 95% CI = 0.03-0.94, P=0.043), mode/means of transport (AOR=0.48, 95% CI = 0.10-0.22, P<0.001), and distance to blood donation points (AOR = 0.157, 95% CI = 0.69 – 0.36, P < 0.001) were the environmental factors affecting blood donation exercises in both rural and urban areas. The results finally revealed no significant association between cultural factors (religion, culture, social norms) and acceptability of blood donation exercises in both rural and urban areas. Conclusions:Blood donation experience of 4-6 years and household decision making by the husband are individual factors affecting acceptability of blood donation exercise in rural and urban areas in Mbarara District. Topography of place of residence, mode/means of transport, and distance to blood donation points the environmental factors affecting blood donation exercises in both rural and urban areas. No significant association between cultural factors (religion, culture, social norms) and acceptability of blood donation exercises in both rural and urban areas. Recommendations:The ministry of health in collaboration with other stakeholders such as the Uganda Red Cross Society and Uganda Blood Transfusion Service should intensify blood donation sensitization campaigns so as to encourage more people to voluntarily donated blood from where they can acquire blood donation experience. Additionally, the sensitization campaigns of these stakeholders should also target husbands to allow their wives to make personal choices and decisions regarding blood donation. The ministry of health in collaboration with other stakeholders such as the Uganda Red Cross Society and Uganda Blood Transfusion Service should set up more blood collection points in different areas so as to ease movement of potential blood donors to the nearest blood collection points. This would also help to minimize geographical barriers to acceptability of blood donation. Finally, blood transfusion services across Africa should consider designing additional culturally appropriate interventions to boost blood donation. Such interventions must take into account the languages spoken by the target audience and the types of myths about blood donation to be demystified.
Factors Associated with Treatment Adherence of Patients on Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs Following Covid-19 Pandemic at Health Facilities of Masaka City, Uganda
(American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice, 2022) Mathias, Tumwebaze; Bright Laban, Waswa; Patrick, Ogwok
Purpose: To examine factors associated with adherence of patients on Anti-tuberculosis treatment in Health facilities at Masaka City. Specifically the study was guided by four objectives; to establish the current level of adherence, to explore the patient knowledge, to find out socio-economic factors, and to identify Health facility factors contributing to adherence of patient on tuberculosis treatment. Methodology: A cross-sectional research design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches of data collection and analysis was used. At least 110 patients on tuberculosis drug were selected and 15 health workers working in tuberculosis clinics to give expert views on the problem under investigation. Interview guide and questionnaires were used and data were analyzed using Stata version 13. Descriptive statistics, percentages were presented in the findings on frequency distribution tables. Qualitative data obtained using interviews was analyzed using thematic content analysis and narrative reasoning. Results: Prevalence of adherence to TB treatment was at 86% from the patients the study was conducted. In the study most patients had adequate knowledge on Tuberculosis treatment and it had attributed a majority 86% with good adherence on Tuberculosis Drug. On health facility factors there was limited medical supplies of drug to improve care, most patients were youth. Statistically, there was significant relationship between frequent counseling and patient adherence at multivariate levels. (OR=15.5073; [95% Cl: 3.73553 to 27.27917]; p=0.010). There was no relationship between patients’ adherence and employment status and good conduct of health workers was significally associated with patient adherence. (OR=7.0566; [95%Cl: 2.77620 to 11.3371]; P=0.001). In this study factors affecting adherence included stigma, discrimination and suspension of transport as COVID-19 prevention guideline by Ministry of health Uganda negatively contributed to poor adherence of patients. This was attributed to by isolation and neglect by family members, relatives, health workers and the community for fear of COVID-19 suspicion at each respective health facility. Involvement of TB survivor in TB treatment would increase adherence and retention in care. Recommendations: In the study there was suboptimal adherence of 86% as opposed to MOH Uganda of 95%, due to stigma and discrimination. The study recommended each TB patient be assigned a family member and a village health team as treatment supporters. Intensified health education and pre TB treatment counselling on adherence increases patients ability to take medication consistently leading to good TB treatment outcomes. Not involving and supporting private clinics to provide TB services is a very big missed opportunity by the health sector. Most patients first visit private clinics before coming to public health centers. Involvement of TB survivor in TB treatment would increase adherence and retention in care.
Socio-Economic Factors that Influence Adherence to ARVS Among HIV Infected Pregnant Mothers in Health Facilities in Mbarara City, Western Uganda
(International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, 2023-09) Beatrice, Keshara; Tumwebaze, Mathias; Bright Laban, Waswa
Globally, poor adherence to ART is a challenge among pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS. This study assessed the factors affecting adherence to ARVs among HIV pregnant mothers in health facilities in Mbarara City. This study was a cross-sectional study design. The study population included HIV-positive pregnant mothers on ART attending the HIV clinics in public health facilities in Mbarara City. Quantitative data were coded, entered, and cleaned. They were then exported to STATA Version 13 for analysis. The study findings found participants who received financial support were 1.8 times more likely to adhere to antiretrovirals than those who never received any support. Participants who noted farming as source of income for the family were 1.5 times more likely to adhere to ART than those who had businesses as source of income for the family; participants who had household income of 100,000-300,000 per month were 1.65 times more likely to adhere to ART than those who had above 800,000/= household income. It was concluded the significance of disclosure, social support, financial assistance, knowledge, income source, treatment duration, and personal willingness in promoting adherence to ART among individuals living with HIV. Implementing strategies that address these factors could help improve treatment adherence and ultimately enhance the health outcomes of people living with HIV. It was concluded that, the ministry of health should promote and facilitate initiatives that encourage disclosure of HIV status, as it plays a significant role in adherence to ART. The government should implement educational campaigns to improve knowledge about HIV, ART, and its benefits to enhance treatment adherence.