Faculty of Law [FOL]Effectively skilling professional Christian Lawyershttps://ir.bsu.ac.ug//handle/20.500.12284/1342024-03-28T01:56:24Z2024-03-28T01:56:24ZIT’S TIME AFRICAN COUNTRIES UTILIZED THE WTO, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT UNDERSTANDING MORE TO LEVERAGE THEIR INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERESTSMugarura, NormanHaawa, Ruhwezahttps://ir.bsu.ac.ug//handle/20.500.12284/5912023-10-26T08:24:47Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZIT’S TIME AFRICAN COUNTRIES UTILIZED THE WTO, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT UNDERSTANDING MORE TO LEVERAGE THEIR INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERESTS
Mugarura, Norman; Haawa, Ruhweza
The paper deconstructs the law relating to WTO, Dispute
Settlement Mechanisms (DSMs) to establish why African
Countries have failed to harness it to leverage their international
trade Interests. There is compelling evidence to affirm that many
African Countries are marginalized in international trade because
many odds including failure to harness the WTO Dispute
Settlement are stacked against them. The ability of African
Countries in international trade has been saddled by many factors
that characterize Less Developed Countries. The Uruguay Round
(1986-94) introduced many changes such as the reduced timelines
(from when disputes are initiated to when they are disposed of),
admission of third parties to represent poor Countries which may be deficient in requisite capacity to handle the complexity of the
World trade disputes mechanisms. This paper posits that the
marginalization of African Countries in the World trade system is
partly caused by inherent factors that saddle them as Less
Developed Economies. We adopted hybrid doctrinal and
qualitative methodological approaches by way of reviewing WTO
relevant Agreements, existing literature and evaluating evidence in
the context of objectives for writing the paper. The findings
corroborate that African Countries have been sidelined in
international trade system because they have not utilized the
Dispute Settlement Understanding Agreement to leverage their
international trade interest well.
IT’S TIME AFRICAN COUNTRIES UTILIZED THE
WTO, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT UNDERSTANDING
MORE TO LEVERAGE THEIR INTERNATIONAL
TRADE INTERESTS
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZImplementation of Biological Diversity Conservation Treaties in ChinaKabaseke, Charlottehttps://ir.bsu.ac.ug//handle/20.500.12284/5832023-10-17T07:55:37Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZImplementation of Biological Diversity Conservation Treaties in China
Kabaseke, Charlotte
Biological Diversity, among its very diverse advantages has been
pointed out as key for achieving environmental sustainability. It has
however been noted that biological diversity across the globe is being
depleted. The international community responded by developing
several international treaties for biological diversity conservation,
including the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the
Ramsar Convention. China is very rich in biological diversity and is
party to the Conventions. In addition, China has in place several laws
as well as protected areas to ensure the conservation of biological
diversity. This notwithstanding, China still faces biological diversity
depletion. This has been attributed to among other factors, over population and industrialization. This article therefore seeks to
critically analyze the efficacy of the CBD and Ramsar Conventions is
ensuring Biological Diversity Conservation. The paper further analyses
the extent to which China has achieved its obligations under the
conventions. The paper concludes that the treaties, whereas a very good
development, have some weakness. In addition, whereas China has
done well in meeting its obligations under the treaties, it still faces some
challenges. The article among others recommends that China should
embrace public participation in ensuring biological diversity
conservation. In achieving its objectives, the article adopts the doctrinal
method of research.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZThe BRICS, World Bank and IMF Quest to Promote Economic Development of CountriesMugarura, Normanhttps://ir.bsu.ac.ug//handle/20.500.12284/5712023-10-17T07:03:04Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZThe BRICS, World Bank and IMF Quest to Promote Economic Development of Countries
Mugarura, Norman
The term “BRICS” represents a group of five emerging economies of
Brazil, Russia, India China and South Africa, which started in 2009.
These economies have caught the attention of literally everyone--
international financial law practitioners, political scientists, countries,
international organizations and other stakeholders. The emergency of a
unified geopolitical bloc, started to reframe international financial
outlook with a new set of new ideas and values. include reforming the
global financial and economic architecture, strengthening the principles
and standards of international law in many sectors of their economies.
The paper highlights prospects and challenges that lie ahead of BRICS
countries to fully realize their mandate and to co-exist with the World bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). The World Bank and
IMF have supported economic development of countries since their
inception, I however do not see any harm posed by the introduction of
more capital from BRICS, it should be received with both hands. There
are looming prospects for expansion of BRICS, countries like
Argentina, UAE, Mexico, Algeria and Saudi Arabia have indicated
their desire to jump on BRICS bandwagon, the current Russian-Ukraine
war remains a big challenge, not least that it has threatened to suck in
all BRICS members into this war. The paper finds that as global
dynamic challenges continue to mutate, nothing should preclude
countries from working together to find lasting solutions to their
common challenges. Some BRICs Nations are also beleaguered with
high levels of corruption in public offices, they will need to seriously
address this challenge, if they are to offer a robust development agenda
for emerging markets to supplant the Bretton Wood Institutions. This
paper was written, guided by three specific objectives: (i) Examine the
rationale for launching the BRICS development initiatives and potential
conflict with the World Bank and IMF. (ii) Discuss the mandate of the
World Bank and IMF in fostering economic development especially
developing countries. (iii) Explore potential areas of conflict between
the Bretton Wood Institutions and BRICS to co-exist in their varied
development mandates towards member countries. The paper has
established that while nothing precludes BRICS offering alternative
funding mechanisms to their members, they will need time to fully
realize their objectives. Establishment of the BRICS signifies that its
high time the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) have
adopted desired reforms, if they are to remain influential today.
Norman. Mugarura, The BRICS, World Bank and IMF Quest to Promote
Economic Development of Countries: Is it New Wine in the Old Wine
Skin?
2023-01-01T00:00:00Z‘Why porous land borders add another layer of complexity in the fight against money laundering and predicate crimes?’Norman, Mugarurahttps://ir.bsu.ac.ug//handle/20.500.12284/5532023-10-02T11:37:38Z2023-01-01T00:00:00Z‘Why porous land borders add another layer of complexity in the fight against money laundering and predicate crimes?’
Norman, Mugarura
2023-01-01T00:00:00Z